Transplant Flashcards
How many people are currently on the kidney-transplant waiting list?
Over 100,000!
What is the mortality of those on the kidney-transplant waiting list?
6% annually
What percent of those on the waiting list will die without receiving a kidney/
50%
For different blood types, what is the range of wait time to receive a kidney?
2.3 years (for AB) to 5.3 years (for B)
In general, getting a kidney transplant _______ the life expectancy of those with CKD.
doubles (from 10 years to 20 years)
The first kidney transplant was done in _______ between __________.
1954; identical twins
With development of immunosuppressive medications, graft rejection has gone from _______ in 1965 to roughly ______ in 2005.
80%; 10%
What is KDPI?
Kidney donor profile index
What is a better KDPI?
Lower percent
Physiologically, how do people become sensitized to transplants?
By receiving an organ in the past, people can develop antibodies to HLA which activate faster upon subsequent exposures.
Prior to 2014, kidneys used to be graded by _________; now, they are rated according to ___________.
type of death and time to retrieval; a variety of factors taken together to form a percentage
KDPIs with lower percent scores go to _____________.
patients with the longest expected survival time
Differentiate direct and indirect T cell activation.
Direct: recipient T cells recognize intact HLA proteins on the donor’s kidney (mostly MHC I)
Indirect: recipient T cells recognize broken HLA proteins from the donor kidney (mostly MHC II)
What kind of enzyme is calcineurin?
A phosphatase
NF-AT goes into the nucleus when it is __________.
dephosphorylated
