Pediatric Lung Disease Flashcards
What is the resistance consequence of having smaller airways?
Edema has a greater effect on resistance.
What is the main pathophysiology of laryngomalacia?
The epiglottis is narrowed
Laryngomalacia is usually __________.
outgrown
Tracheobronchomalacia usually affects the __________ phase.
expiratory
In adults, the smallest part of the airway is _________; in kids, the smallest part of the airway is __________.
the vocal chords; the cricoid
What five things should appear on your differential for acute stridor?
Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) Bacterial tracheitis Epiglottis Laryngeal foreign body Scald injury
Most croup is ________.
viral (parainfluenza)
Acute stridor accompanied with high fevers indicate _________.
bacterial tracheitis or epiglottitis
The most common etiology of epiglottitis is ____________.
Hemophilus influenzae B
In infants, the larynx is more ________ and the epiglottis is ________.
anterior and superior; floppy
Infant diaphragms are _______ than adult diaphragms.
flatter
What are some signs of respiratory distress in an infant?
Grunting
Poor weight gain
Lethargy
Poor feeding
_________ is the most common cause of chronic stridor.
Laryngomalacia
Laryngomalacia is a developmental disorder of the ________ period of development.
embryonic
Tracheobronchomalacia is associated with ___________.
recurrent wheeze
The tongue is ________ in children than adults.
comparatively larger
Bronchiolitis leads to _______ compliance.
decreased
What are some clinical signs of bronchiolitis?
Tachypnea
Retractions
Grunting
This lecturer said that rating asthma is on the test! Know the asthma severity scale!!!!
Done
If a patient has _________, think of something other than asthma.
clubbing, crackles, failure to thrive, and oxygen requirement
What percent of pediatric asthma is allergic?
90%
Other than high fevers, what might indicate more severe obstruction in a child with stridor?
Dysphagia
Drooling
Distress
What upper airway problems can result from disruptions of embryonic development?
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Vascular malformations that occlude airways
Laryngomalacia
Pulmonary agenesis
Crackles, wheeze, and hypoxemia are signs of ___________.
lower airway problems
Histologically, bronchopulmonary dysplasia is characterized by __________.
thickened interstitium
Give the maximum normal respiratory rate for a one-year-old, two-year old, five-year-old, twelve-year-old, and adult.
1: 60
2: 40
5: 34
12: 30
Adult: 16
Newborns to three-month-olds with pneumonia should be _________; older than that, degree of __________ determines treatment.
admitted; hypoxemia and work of breathing
