Pediatric Lung Disease

Question 1

What is the resistance consequence of having smaller airways?

Answer 1

Edema has a greater effect on resistance.

Question 2

What is the main pathophysiology of laryngomalacia?

Answer 2

The epiglottis is narrowed

Question 3

Laryngomalacia is usually __________.

Answer 3

outgrown

Question 4

Tracheobronchomalacia usually affects the __________ phase.

Answer 4

expiratory

Question 5

In adults, the smallest part of the airway is _________; in kids, the smallest part of the airway is __________.

Answer 5

the vocal chords; the cricoid

Question 6

What five things should appear on your differential for acute stridor?

Answer 6

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) 
Bacterial tracheitis
Epiglottis
Laryngeal foreign body
Scald injury

Question 7

Most croup is ________.

Answer 7

viral (parainfluenza)

Question 8

Acute stridor accompanied with high fevers indicate _________.

Answer 8

bacterial tracheitis or epiglottitis

Question 9

The most common etiology of epiglottitis is ____________.

Answer 9

Hemophilus influenzae B

Question 10

In infants, the larynx is more ________ and the epiglottis is ________.

Answer 10

anterior and superior; floppy

Question 11

Infant diaphragms are _______ than adult diaphragms.

Answer 11

flatter

Question 12

What are some signs of respiratory distress in an infant?

Answer 12

Grunting
Poor weight gain
Lethargy
Poor feeding

Question 13

_________ is the most common cause of chronic stridor.

Answer 13

Laryngomalacia

Question 14

Laryngomalacia is a developmental disorder of the ________ period of development.

Answer 14

embryonic

Question 15

Tracheobronchomalacia is associated with ___________.

Answer 15

recurrent wheeze

Question 16

The tongue is ________ in children than adults.

Answer 16

comparatively larger

Question 17

Bronchiolitis leads to _______ compliance.

Answer 17

decreased

Question 18

What are some clinical signs of bronchiolitis?

Answer 18

Tachypnea
Retractions
Grunting

Question 19

This lecturer said that rating asthma is on the test! Know the asthma severity scale!!!!

Answer 19

Done

Question 20

If a patient has _________, think of something other than asthma.

Answer 20

clubbing, crackles, failure to thrive, and oxygen requirement

Question 21

What percent of pediatric asthma is allergic?

Answer 21

90%

Question 22

Other than high fevers, what might indicate more severe obstruction in a child with stridor?

Answer 22

Dysphagia
Drooling
Distress

Question 23

What upper airway problems can result from disruptions of embryonic development?

Answer 23

Tracheoesophageal fistula
Vascular malformations that occlude airways
Laryngomalacia
Pulmonary agenesis

Question 24

Crackles, wheeze, and hypoxemia are signs of ___________.

Answer 24

lower airway problems

Question 25

Histologically, bronchopulmonary dysplasia is characterized by __________.

Answer 25

thickened interstitium

Question 26

Give the maximum normal respiratory rate for a one-year-old, two-year old, five-year-old, twelve-year-old, and adult.

Answer 26

1: 60
2: 40
5: 34
12: 30
Adult: 16

Question 27

Newborns to three-month-olds with pneumonia should be _________; older than that, degree of __________ determines treatment.

Answer 27

admitted; hypoxemia and work of breathing