Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Disease Flashcards
The majority of mitral stenosis is due to _______.
rheumatic heart disease; only 3% have calcific mitral stenosis
Mitral stenosis can lead to _____________, all of which relate to pressure backing up from the left atrium.
pulmonary edema, hemoptysis, dyspnea, atrial fibrillation, thrombo-embolism, and right-sided heart failure
ß-blockers are used to treat mitral valve stenosis, because ___________.
MV stenosis is a disorder of diastolic filling; thus, giving ß-blockers slows the heart rate and allows more time for the left ventricle to fill
Loud S1 sounds are indicative of __________.
mitral stenosis
80% of tricuspid regurgitation cases are due to ___________.
functional issues such as right-ventricular dilation or hypertrophy
Tricuspid stenosis is __________.
rare
Symptoms of rheumatic fever include __________.
chills, fever, fatigue, and migratory arthralgias
Describe heart sounds associated with mitral stenosis.
Opening snap following S2 with a diastolic rumble
Pulmonary hypertension can develop, which will lead to the following exam findings: __________.
Loud S1, P2 snap, tricuspid regurgitation, and JVD
What treatments are indicated in mitral stenosis?
Anticoagulation if atrial fibrillation is present, ß-blockers to slow the heart rate and allow for more diastolic filling, and diuresis with ACE inhibitors if CHF is present
Maneuvers that increase LV size/function will increase the sound associated with mitral regurgitation, such as ___________.
squatting or dehydration
Some sequelae of mitral regurgitation include ____________.
left atrial dilation (and subsequent atrial fibrillation) and right-heart failure
Tricuspid regurgitation will produce a ___________ sound.
holosystolic murmur that increases with inspiration
