Diuretics and Antihypertensives

Question 1

__________ draws free water out of the tissues where it is excreted by the kidneys. It is used to treat increased intracranial pressure.

Answer 1

Mannitol

Question 2

How long does furosemide last?

Answer 2

Six hours (Lasix lasts)

Question 3

Loop diuretics are not used only for ______________.

Answer 3

blood pressure; they also remove fluid

Question 4

Loop diuretics cause what kind of pH imbalance?

Answer 4

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 5

How is ethacrynic acid unique among the loop diuretics?

Answer 5

It is the only one that doesn’t contain sulfa, so it is good for treating those allergic to sulfa.

Question 6

Which diuretics can cause hypercalcemia?

Answer 6

Thiazides

Question 7

_________ are needed at GFRs less than 30 ml/min.

Answer 7

Loop diuretics

Question 8

What are some clinical benefits of calcium-channel blockers?

Answer 8

Well tolerated by patients

Once daily dosing

Question 9

Non-dihydropyridine receptors are inhibitors of _________.

Answer 9

CYP450 3A4

Question 10

Which two diuretics can precipitate a gout attack?

Answer 10

Loop diuretics

Thiazides

Question 11

________ can inhibit insulin and thus cause hyperglycemia.

Answer 11

Thiazides

Question 12

Which thiazide lasts longer, chlorthalidone or hydrochlorothiazide?

Answer 12

Chlorthalidone

Question 13

What is Zaroxylin?

Answer 13

Combination of loop diuretic and metalozone

Question 14

Aldosterone excess leads to tissue ____________.

Answer 14

fibrosis and scarring

Question 15

It is thought that angiotensin II can lead to _____________ in the kidneys because of increased wall tension.

Answer 15

glomerulosclerosis

Question 16

Alpha-one receptor blockers (drugs ending in -azosin) are primarily used for __________.

Answer 16

BPH

Question 17

Clonidine decreases CO and PVR, but it has the unfortunate side effect of __________.

Answer 17

drying all mucous membranes