Pathophysiology of Sodium Handling Flashcards
A “no added salt diet” usually results to ___________.
about 4 grams of salt per day
A “low salt diet” means ___________.
2 grams of salt per day
How much sodium is ____________.
50 grams
Freely permeable solutes (like __________) do not affect the tonicity of water compartments.
urea
Sodium is important (partly) because it determines ECF ________, which consequently determines left ventricular filling volume and mean arterial pressure.
volume
Where are the low-pressure baroreceptors located?
In the venous system:
• Cardiac atria receptors.
• Left ventricular receptors.
• Pulmonary vascular bed receptors.
Where are the high-pressure baroreceptors located?
In the arterial system
What stimulates renin release?
Decreased arterial pressure Decreased sodium delivery ß-adrenergic input Prostaglandins Nitric oxide
What decreases renin secretion?
Increased arterial pressure
Increased sodium delivery
Angiotensin II
ANP
What is glomerular-tubular balance?
A property of the kidney whereby changes in GFR induce proportional changes in proximal tubule resorption
The intrarenal sensors are _________ sensors.
stretch
What percent of filtered sodium is resorbed at the thick ascending loop of Henle?
30%
Aldosterone deficiency can lead to ____________.
salt-wasting nephropathy
What is TGF?
Tubulo-glomerular feedback; the process by which increased sodium levels in the distal arteriole increase afferent-arteriole vasoconstriction
Dopamine and bradykinin work to _________ sodium reabsorption.
decrease
