Exam 4 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What vessels lead into the ducts of Bellini?

A

Collecting ducts

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2
Q

The fenestrated endothelium only filters __________.

A

RBCs

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3
Q

The molecular filter is composed of ___________.

A

the basal lamina and the podocyte slits

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4
Q

What mechanism mediates the response to severe acute hypovolemia?

A

The baroreceptors leading to afferent and efferent constriction

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5
Q

What percent of filtered sodium is under regulatory control?

A

2%

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6
Q

Which response is faster, ADH or aldosterone?

A

ADH

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7
Q

Where are casts formed?

A

Distal tubule and collecting duct

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8
Q

Lithium is associated with what kind of diabetes insipitus?

A

Nephrogenic

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9
Q

Most of of the potassium that is excreted is from ____________.

A

secretion into the tubule

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10
Q

If a person with pheochromocytoma is given lots of salt, then they should have high renal vein aldosterone _____-laterally.

A

uni

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11
Q

Renal cancer risk does not increase with _________.

A

dialysis

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12
Q

The ventral root carries the _______ nerves.

A

motor

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13
Q

The Furhman scale is only for _________.

A

clear cell carcinoma

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14
Q

The most common cause of abdominal mass in a newborn is ___________.

A

multicystic dysplastic kidney

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15
Q

How much should HCO3 change in respiratory acidosis?

A

Acute: 1:10
Chronic: 4:10

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16
Q

How much should HCO3 change in respiratory alkalosis?

A

Acute: 2:10
Chronic: 4:10

17
Q

What is the formula for pCO2 compensation in metabolic acidosis?

A

Winter’s: (1.5 x HCO3) + 8 +/- 2

18
Q

How much should pCO2 change in metabolic alkalosis?

A

0.7 x change in bicarb

19
Q

List three types of ADH antagonists.

A

Demeclocycline
Tolvaptan
Conivaptan

20
Q

If urine potassium is greater than 40 mEq/L, then the hypokalemia is ___________.

A

renal

21
Q

Renal losses of sodium can be due to three categories of causes: ___________.

A

Anion-gap metabolic acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis
Low magnesium

22
Q

What two conditions lead to hypokalemic, renal-origin, metabolic alkalosis with low urine chloride?

A

Diuretic overdose

Low volume leading to contraction alkalosis

23
Q

What four things can cause transcellular hyperkalemia?

A

DKA
ß-blockers
Rhabdomyolysis
Ischemia