Urinary Tract Infection / Interstitial Disease Flashcards
When looking at a slide of the cortex, the proximal tubules can distinguished from the distal tubules by __________.
the fact that the proximal tubules have more cytoplasm
What are lower GU tract infections called?
Cystitis
The most common type of UTI is __________.
lower GU tract infections
What three bacterial features make a species more pathogenic?
Bacterial adhesion (usually through pili) O antigens Endotoxins that limit peristalsis
Why do women get more UTIs?
Shorter urethras
Lack of antibacterial secretions (from the prostate)
Urethral trauma (“honeymoon” cystitis)
Pregnancy
Pyelonephritis is possible because _____________.
there is no valve at the ureterovesicular junction
We can test for vesicoureteral reflux by _________.
injecting dye into a catheter–if dye extends to the kidneys, then VUR is likely
What are the two most common types of kidney stones?
Calcium oxalate and phosphate (70%)
Magnesium ammonium phosphate (20%)
Kidney stones are more common in ______.
males, those age 20 - 30
Urinary tract obstruction can lead to these things: __________.
Hydronephrosis Hydroureter Infection Renal failure Hypertension Chronic obstructive pyelonephritis
____________ can lead to microabscess formation on the kidneys.
Acute pyelonephritis
On histologic examination, necrotic papillitis will reveal _________.
areas of necrosis–that is, anucleate cells
What is indicated by glomerular atrophy and fibrosis around Bowman’s capsule?
Chronic pyelonephritis
What is it called when you use sound to break up stones?
Lithotripsy
What are typical settings in which hematogenous spread leads to UTI?
Immunosuppression
Ureteral obstruction
