Secondary Causes of Hypertension Flashcards
The gold standard for renal stenosis is ___________.
intravascular probes to test for a pressure drop
How should renal stenosis be treated?
Initially, give an ACE inhibitor; then, do angioplasty
What would you worry about in a patient with low renin and high aldosterone?
1° aldosteronism, which could be idiopathic or from an adenoma
How can you tell if something is an idiopathic primary aldosteronism versus a cancer?
Administer saline. Cancer will remain unchanged, whereas saline will decrease aldosterone.
Is it possible to do a bilateral adrenalectomy?
Nope!
Treat bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia with __________.
spironolactone
People with aldosteronism are often __________.
alkalotic
In renal-artery stenosis, sodium levels are _________.
normal, because the stenosed kidney absorbs more and the healthy kidney excretes more
In younger patients, renal stenosis is more often due to _____________.
fibromuscular dysplasia
What are indications for surgical repair of bilateral renal stenosis?
Refractory hypertension or renal failure
Primary hyperaldosteronism is usually caused by ____________.
adenomas of the adrenal gland or adrenal hyperplasia
What can cure primary hyperaldosteronism?
Resection of the adrenal gland
Only about ______ percent of hypertension is caused by primary hyperaldosternoism.
1-2
The hypertension of pheochromocytoma is mostly due to _____________.
increased vascular resistance
The hallmark sign of malignant hypertension is __________.
neuroretinopathy as revealed by flame-shaped hemorrhages in the retina
