Practice Exam 1 Flashcards
The A wave is ___________; the C wave is _____________; the X wave is ____________; the V wave is __________; and the Y wave is ___________.
atrial contraction; ventricular contraction; atrial relaxation; venous filling against the closed tricuspid valve; venous emptying into the atria
Enlargement of which chamber can lead to hoarseness of the voice?
left atrium–it impinges on the laryngeal nerve
Which coronary artery supplies the nodes of the heart?
The right coronary
Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is ___________.
branched
Myosin has ____ light chains and _____ heavy chains.
4; 2
What are some side effects of amiodarone?
Pulmonary fibrosis, corneal deposits, hyperthyroidism, and altered skin pigmentation
The gain-of-function long QT mutation results from mutations in the __________.
sodium channels
List the characteristics of Timothy syndrome.
It is a mutation in L-type calcium channels that results in hypoglycemia, immune deficiency, and arrhythmias.
Once again, describe CPVT (catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia).
RyR2 receptors release extra calcium into the cytosol, which further activates the NCX pump, leading to ectopic arrhythmias.
At five years post-hospitalization, what percentage of CHF patients will die?
50%
Vascular disease _______ worsen heart failure.
does not, in and of itself,
ß-blockers decrease ____________.
chronotropy
Increased baroreceptor firing will lead to a __________ in sympathetic output.
decrease
________ is indicated in patients with atrial dysrhythmia.
Digoxin
Dobutamine is also used in ___________.
stress echoes
___________ will decrease the intensity of mitral regurgitation murmurs.
Vasodilators
Angioedema (which can present like an allergic reaction) is the most serious side effect of ___________.
ACE inhibitors
Which HF drugs have anti-fibrotic properties?
Aldosterone receptor antagonists
Internodal tracts get depolarized _______ atrial myocytes.
before
Peaked, symmetrical T waves represent __________.
hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia leads to ____________.
shortened QT intervals
ß-blockers are primarily _______ controllers.
rate
The best treatment for 3° AV blocks is __________.
pacemaker
Where is bradycardiac arrhythmia most severe?
When it is infranodal
Those in atrial fibrillation receive __________.
IC and III antiarrhythmics
Adenosine is/is not a longterm drug?
Is not
Troponin _____ undergoes a conformational change in response to calcium binding.
I
Stroke volume ________ in response to weight lifting.
decreases (due to increased afterload)
A maladaptive hypertrophic heart will have _______ ATPase activity, while a healthy hypertrophied heart will have _______.
less; more
Squatting makes ________ murmurs louder.
mitral regurgitation
Hypertrophic CM is worsened by ___________.
vasodilators
