Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms Flashcards
How many liters of air are the lungs exposed to each day?
10,000
How is material cleared from the alveoli?
Macrophages and the immune response
How is debris cleared from the bronchioles, bronchi, and trachea?
The mucociliary escalator
What size particle will be caught in the mucociliary system of the airways?
Anything greater than 10 microns
What is in the mucus that helps protect the body?
Low pH IgA Antimicrobial peptides Antioxidants Antiproteases
The cilia beat _____ times per second.
10 to 15
Primary ciliary dyskinesia is autosomal _________.
recessive
What are two common pulmonary problems in those with primary ciliary dyskinesia?
Sinusitis and bronchiectasis
What is a common feature of cystic fibrosis, asthma, and chronic bronchitis?
Increased mucus secretion
Type I pneumocytes account for only ______ percent of number of lung epithelium cells but ____ percent of the area.
10; 95
Which type of pneumocyte has a role in the lung immune response?
Type II
Particles less than _______ in diameter will deposit in the alveoli.
5 microns
What is the most prevalent cell in a bronchioalveolar lavage?
Macrophages
Smokers have an increased number of ________ in bronchioalveolar lavages.
macrophages
The lung is maintained in an anti-inflammatory state by __________ in the absence of PAMPs.
resident macrophages
