Overview of Renal Physiology Flashcards
Renal is ________; nephrology is _______.
Latin; Greek
Total body fluid is roughly _______ percent of body weight.
60%
Two-thirds of the body fluid is _____________.
intracellular
Plasma and interstitial fluid are constantly __________.
mixing; thus, they have the same concentration
What are the main extracellular ions?
Na+
Cl-
HCO3-
Ca++
What are the main intracellular ions?
K+
Mg++
PO4—
Proteins
The main function of the kidneys is to filter and balance the _______ fluid.
extracellular
We take in and get rid of roughly _______ liters of fluid per day.
2.5
In terms of blood flow, what comes first, the glomerular capillary bed or the peritubular capillary bed?
The glomerular capillary bed
The glomerulus allows free passage of _________.
water and solutes
Secretion involves ______________.
molecular transporters or pumps
Secretion takes place in the ___________.
peritubular capillaries
The kidneys receive _______ percent of the cardiac output.
25
What is the daily glomerular filtration rate?
190 liters
What percent of the fluid that is filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed by the tubules?
99.9%
Why is the filtration rate so much greater than the reabsorption rate?
This allows rapid excretion of waste products.
What is the normal range of serum potassium?
3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
What fraction of extracellular fluid is plasma?
1/5 (so 3 liters in an adult)
Intracellular fluid is similar __________.
between different cell types
What is the main function of the kidneys?
to maintain the composition and volume of the extracellular fluid
The renal veins are _________ to the renal arteries.
anterior
How much does an average kidney weigh?
150 grams
There are ________ nephrons in each kidney.
1 million
What percentage of renal blood flow is filtered at the glomerulus?
20%
In addition to fluid/ECF regulation, the kidneys also __________.
contribute to gluconeogenesis and production of vitamin D
