Overview of Renal Physiology

Question 1

Renal is ________; nephrology is _______.

Answer 1

Latin; Greek

Question 2

Total body fluid is roughly _______ percent of body weight.

Answer 2

60%

Question 3

Two-thirds of the body fluid is _____________.

Answer 3

intracellular

Question 4

Plasma and interstitial fluid are constantly __________.

Answer 4

mixing; thus, they have the same concentration

Question 5

What are the main extracellular ions?

Answer 5

Na+
Cl-
HCO3-
Ca++

Question 6

What are the main intracellular ions?

Answer 6

K+
Mg++
PO4—
Proteins

Question 7

The main function of the kidneys is to filter and balance the _______ fluid.

Answer 7

extracellular

Question 8

We take in and get rid of roughly _______ liters of fluid per day.

Answer 8

2.5

Question 9

In terms of blood flow, what comes first, the glomerular capillary bed or the peritubular capillary bed?

Answer 9

The glomerular capillary bed

Question 10

The glomerulus allows free passage of _________.

Answer 10

water and solutes

Question 11

Secretion involves ______________.

Answer 11

molecular transporters or pumps

Question 12

Secretion takes place in the ___________.

Answer 12

peritubular capillaries

Question 13

The kidneys receive _______ percent of the cardiac output.

Answer 13

25

Question 14

What is the daily glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 14

190 liters

Question 15

What percent of the fluid that is filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed by the tubules?

Answer 15

99.9%

Question 16

Why is the filtration rate so much greater than the reabsorption rate?

Answer 16

This allows rapid excretion of waste products.

Question 17

What is the normal range of serum potassium?

Answer 17

3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Question 18

What fraction of extracellular fluid is plasma?

Answer 18

1/5 (so 3 liters in an adult)

Question 19

Intracellular fluid is similar __________.

Answer 19

between different cell types

Question 20

What is the main function of the kidneys?

Answer 20

to maintain the composition and volume of the extracellular fluid

Question 21

The renal veins are _________ to the renal arteries.

Answer 21

anterior

Question 22

How much does an average kidney weigh?

Answer 22

150 grams

Question 23

There are ________ nephrons in each kidney.

Answer 23

1 million

Question 24

What percentage of renal blood flow is filtered at the glomerulus?

Answer 24

20%

Question 25

In addition to fluid/ECF regulation, the kidneys also __________.

Answer 25

contribute to gluconeogenesis and production of vitamin D