Glomerulonephritis

Question 1

What is glomerulonephritis?

Answer 1

A group of diseases characterized by inflammatory injury of the glomeruli

Question 2

Inflammation leads to ______________.

Answer 2

infiltration of leukocytes, disturbed glomerular function, and deposition of complement

Question 3

Glomerulonephritis may involve ______________.

Answer 3

any of the cells of the glomerulus

Question 4

What are clinical signs of nephritic syndrome?

Answer 4

High BP
Proteinuria
Elevated creatinine
RBCs in urine
Edema

Question 5

Definitive diagnosis of glomerulonephritis requires ___________.

Answer 5

kidney biopsy

Question 6

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis frequently results from ___________.

Answer 6

lupus, ANCA-associated vasculitis, or anti-GBM disease

Question 7

“Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis” means __________.

Answer 7

serum creatinine levels double in 3 months or less

Question 8

“Crescents” are indicative of ___________.

Answer 8

severe disease with rupture of the capillary wall

Question 9

List the three most common causes of pulmonary-renal syndrome.

Answer 9

Lupus
Anti-GBM disease
ANCA-associated vasculitis

Question 10

What are two broad categories of treatment for glomerulonephritis?

Answer 10

Plasma exchange (which removes auto-antibodies)
Immunosuppressive medications

Question 11

Worldwide, the most common cause of glomerulonephritis is ______________.

Answer 11

IgA nephropathy

Question 12

There are few immune complexes seen in _____________ glomerulonephritis.

Answer 12

ANCA-associated vasulitis

Question 13

ANCA tests are positive in ___________.

Answer 13

pauci-immune vasculitis

Question 14

Hepatitis B virus can cause ___________, while hepatitis C virus causes ___________.

Answer 14

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis; cryoglobulinemia

Question 15

What is a systemic glomerulonephritis with low C3 levels?

Answer 15

Lupus or cryoglobulinemia

Question 16

What systemic diseases (involving glomerulonephritis) will have normal complement levels?

Answer 16

The vasculitis disorders and Goodpasture’s

Question 17

Crescentic glomerulonephritis can result from _____________.

Answer 17

Anti-GBM
ANCA-associated vasculitis
Lupus

Question 18

What three types of glomerulonephritis diseases are treated with plasma exchange?

Answer 18

Anti-GBM
ANCA-associated vasculitis
Cryoglobulinemia

Question 19

More than ________ percent of lupus patients have lupus nephritis.

Answer 19

50

Question 20

List three treatments for anti-GBM disease.

Answer 20

Cyclophosphamide
Corticosteroids
Plasma exchange

Question 21

List four treatments of ANCA-associated vasculitis.

Answer 21

Rituximab
Corticosteroids
Cyclophosphamide
Plasma exchange

Question 22

Those with glomerulonephritis typically present with _________-tension.

Answer 22

hyper

Question 23

__________ don’t produce RBC casts.

Answer 23

Mesangial immune complexes

Question 24

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis usually occurs _____ weeks after infection.

Answer 24

two to three

Question 25

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis usually presents with _______ IF staining and _________ humps.

Answer 25

IgG and C3; sub-epithelial

Question 26

What does decreased C3 suggest?

Answer 26

Post-infectious glomerulonephritis

Question 27

IgA nephropathy usually leads to a ____________ with __________ deposits.

Answer 27

mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis; mesangial

Question 28

Most cases of IgA nephropathy present as ____________, but 50% progress to renal failure without ____________.

Answer 28

asymptomatic microhematuria; treatment with steroids or ACE inhibitors

Question 29

MPGN is more common in _____________.

Answer 29

females; older children and adolescents

Question 30

MPGN presents with ___________ deposits on immunoassay.

Answer 30

C3 and IgG