Glomerulonephritis Flashcards
What is glomerulonephritis?
A group of diseases characterized by inflammatory injury of the glomeruli
Inflammation leads to ______________.
infiltration of leukocytes, disturbed glomerular function, and deposition of complement
Glomerulonephritis may involve ______________.
any of the cells of the glomerulus
What are clinical signs of nephritic syndrome?
High BP Proteinuria Elevated creatinine RBCs in urine Edema
Definitive diagnosis of glomerulonephritis requires ___________.
kidney biopsy
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis frequently results from ___________.
lupus, ANCA-associated vasculitis, or anti-GBM disease
“Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis” means __________.
serum creatinine levels double in 3 months or less
“Crescents” are indicative of ___________.
severe disease with rupture of the capillary wall
List the three most common causes of pulmonary-renal syndrome.
Lupus
Anti-GBM disease
ANCA-associated vasculitis
What are two broad categories of treatment for glomerulonephritis?
Plasma exchange (which removes auto-antibodies) Immunosuppressive medications
Worldwide, the most common cause of glomerulonephritis is ______________.
IgA nephropathy
There are few immune complexes seen in _____________ glomerulonephritis.
ANCA-associated vasulitis
ANCA tests are positive in ___________.
pauci-immune vasculitis
Hepatitis B virus can cause ___________, while hepatitis C virus causes ___________.
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis; cryoglobulinemia
What is a systemic glomerulonephritis with low C3 levels?
Lupus or cryoglobulinemia
What systemic diseases (involving glomerulonephritis) will have normal complement levels?
The vasculitis disorders and Goodpasture’s
Crescentic glomerulonephritis can result from _____________.
Anti-GBM
ANCA-associated vasculitis
Lupus
What three types of glomerulonephritis diseases are treated with plasma exchange?
Anti-GBM
ANCA-associated vasculitis
Cryoglobulinemia
More than ________ percent of lupus patients have lupus nephritis.
50
List three treatments for anti-GBM disease.
Cyclophosphamide
Corticosteroids
Plasma exchange
List four treatments of ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Rituximab
Corticosteroids
Cyclophosphamide
Plasma exchange
Those with glomerulonephritis typically present with _________-tension.
hyper
__________ don’t produce RBC casts.
Mesangial immune complexes
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis usually occurs _____ weeks after infection.
two to three
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis usually presents with _______ IF staining and _________ humps.
IgG and C3; sub-epithelial
What does decreased C3 suggest?
Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy usually leads to a ____________ with __________ deposits.
mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis; mesangial
Most cases of IgA nephropathy present as ____________, but 50% progress to renal failure without ____________.
asymptomatic microhematuria; treatment with steroids or ACE inhibitors
MPGN is more common in _____________.
females; older children and adolescents
MPGN presents with ___________ deposits on immunoassay.
C3 and IgG
