Peripheral Vascular Disease

Question 1

The word claudication comes from _____________.

Answer 1

the emperor Claudius who had a limp

Question 2

These factors increase risk for peripheral vascular disease: __________.

Answer 2

diabetes (strongest factor), smoking, dyslipidemia, and hypertension

Question 3

Signs of peripheral vascular disease include ______________.

Answer 3

bruits, decreased pulses, muscle atrophy, ischemic ulcers, ischemic gangrene, and pallor with elevation

Question 4

What is the ankle-brachial index?

Answer 4

It is the ratio of blood pressure in the ankle to blood pressure in the wrist. Normal people are usually 1:1 (or often slightly higher in the ankle); those with PAD are 0.9 or less

Question 5

Aneurysms are expansions of __________ arterial layers.

Answer 5

all three

Question 6

An AAA is defined as greater than __________ in diameter.

Answer 6

3.0 cm

Question 7

Risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm include _____________.

Answer 7

age, males, smoking, and family history

Question 8

Risk factors for aortic dissection include ______________.

Answer 8

hypertension, collagen disorders (marfan and Ehlers-Danlos), pregnancy, coarctation of the aorta, bicuspid aortic valve, trauma, and aortitis

Question 9

AAAs typically present as _____________.

Answer 9

asymptomatic followed by sudden death