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Step 1 > Test 93 > Flashcards

Test 93 Flashcards

1
Q

Trousseau’s syndrome

A

migratory superficial thrombophlebitis–indication of a visceral cancer!!

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2
Q

several episodes of thrombophlebitis in various sites in both arms and legds

A

visceral cancer!!

hypercoagulatbility is a common paraneoplastic sydnrome commonly seen with adenocarcinomas of hte pancreas, colon and lung

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3
Q

survives inside MPHAGES
dauses a disseminated mycosis in IMmunoCOMP pts

SYSTEMIC sxs
painful oral ulcers
lymphadenopathy
hepatosplenogmegaly

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

**may also see hilar adenopathy

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4
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus

A

MONOmorphic fungi w/ ONLY a mold form

seen in tissue w/ ACUTE ANGLE V shaped branidng

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5
Q

Most frequent opportunistic pathogen

extracellular

forms ovoid yeast cells w/ pseudohyphae

A

CAndida

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6
Q

causes meningoencephalitis, pulmonary crtptoccocis in those w/ HIV

has a LARGE polysaccharide capsule (INDIA INK YO)

A

Cryptococus neoformas

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7
Q

can cause a disseminiated mycosis in immunocomp pts

large thicked walled spherules w/ endosspores

A

coccioides immits

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8
Q

counteract PNS stimulation of vagus causing bronchoconstriction in lungs

A

tiotroprium

ipratropium

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9
Q

ABrupt onset of gross hematuria in a pt w/ sickle cell disease

dark rust colored or bloody urine and acute coliky flank pain d/t acute utreteral obstruction from sloughed paipillae

COMMON SXS!!

A

Papillary necrosis!

(anything that decreases renal blood flow)

seen w/ sickle cell
DM
analgesic nephroapthy

severe obstrucive pyelonephritis

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10
Q

Muddy brown granular casts in hospitalized pt w/ oliguira

A

ischemic tubular necrosis

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11
Q

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
thrombocytopenia
ARF

A

HUS

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12
Q

IL-1
IL-6
TNFa

A

mediate SYSTEMIC inflammatory response
stimulate hepatic secretion of acute phase proteins (fibrinogen)

High levels of circulating fibringoen increased ESR

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13
Q

heavy, red, boggy lobe

A

congestion

alveolar exudate contains mostly bacteria

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14
Q

red firm lobe liver like consistancey

A

red hepaization

alveolar exudate w/ RBC, neutrophils, fibirin

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15
Q

gray brown firm lobe

A

gray hepatatization

RBC disintegrate

alveolar exudste contains neutrophils and fibrin

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16
Q

most likely cause of fatigue and new onset cardiac murmur in young adult

A

bacterial endocarditis

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17
Q

complication of bacteria lendocarditis

A

acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis secondary to circulating immune complexes

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18
Q

children

A

intussusception

19
Q

hypersecretion of gastrin by a pancreatic tumor

A

ZE syndrome

increases gastric acid secretion> peptic ulcers

diarrhea is another common sx

20
Q

chronic antral predominant gastritis

A

h. pylori infection

21
Q

biphasic pattern of cellularity (highly cellular areas intermixed w/ myxoid regions of LOW cellularity)

Verocay bodies

S100 positivity
arise from peripheral nerves, nerve roots and cranial nerves

A

Schwannomas!!

often at cerebellopontine angle at CNVIII

22
Q

anotehr important S100 + tumor

A

melanoma (schwannoma)

23
Q

bizarre loking glial cells w/ mitotic figures
PSEUDOPALISADING necrosis
often in WHITE MATTER

crosses corpus collosum

A

glioblastoma

24
Q

arise from cells of arachnoid

cells in whorls with psammoma bodies

A

meningiomas

25
Q

optic glioma

A

commonly seen w/ NF1 (rosenthal fibers)

26
Q

demyelinated plaques

27
Q

large intracytoplasmic vacuoles (spongiform)

28
Q 
HTN
basal ganglia
cerebellum
thalamus
pons
 intracerebral hemorrhage
progressive neuro deficits
A

charcot bouchard

29
Q

APKD, ED
circle of willis
2025 mm
SUB arachonoid hemorrhage

SUDDEN severe HA

no FOCAL neuro deficitis

A

sacccular (berry) anneurysms

30
Q

deep intraparenchymal hemorrhage caused by hypertensive vasculopathy of small penetrating branches of cerebral arteries

A

charcot bouchard

31
Q

ATN

A

can be assocaited w/ multiorgan FAILURE> most pts experience tubular re-epitheliazation adn REG’AIN normal renal fucntion

32
Q

ortner syndrome

A

mitral stenosis > left atrial dilation sufficient to impinge on recurrent largyngeal nerve (HOARSENESS)

33
Q

rising fever, bacteremia, brdaycardia>

abdominal pain rose spots>

hepatosplenomegaly, intestinal bleeding

A

typhoid fever

penetrates gut via phagocytosis by M cells

34
Q

involuntary, rapid, irregular jerking movements involiving face arms and legs

A

syndham chorea

can occur MONTHS after GAS infection and is one of hte MAJOR clinical manifestations of ACute RF

**these pts have a high risk of valve disease

35
Q

transmural inflammation w/ fibrinoid necrosis

A

PAN

associated w/ HBV!!!! in 10-30% of cases

36
Q

granulomas w/ eosinophilic necrosis

A

churg strauss

37
Q

impaired bone matrix formation

A

OI

bone matrix = hydroxy apatite crystals and type I colagen components

38
Q

defect in mineralization of bone matrix

39
Q

endochondral ossification

A

long bones

40
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

flat bones

41
Q

rare but SEVERE complication of halothane exposure

A

massive HEPATIC NECROSIS

occurs d/t direct liver injury by halothane metabolites and formation of autoAbs against liver progetins

CENTRILOBULAR hepatic necrosis

42
Q

microvesicular fatty chagne

A

REyes syndrome (kids 5-10 tx w/ salicylates)

43
Q

macrovesicular fatty chagne

A

ETOH chronic

44
Q

hepatic grannulomatosis

A

methyldopa
hydralazine
quinidine

Step 1 (69 decks)

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