Test 88 Flashcards
Acute onset imapired consciousness flucutating course reversible global memory impairment
delirium
Gradual onset intact consciousnes progressive course irreverible remote memory spared
dementia
gradual onset intact consciousness episodic course reversible moderately imapired focus/ concentration
depression
requirements for growth of H influenzae
X (hematin)
V (NAD+)
satellite phenomenon when H influenza is grown near S. aureus
S aureus colonies produce the needed X and V factors for H. influenza to grow
essential GF for many bacteria and is provided in all blood agars d/t presence of RBCs
Fe
shooting pain down the POSTERIOR thigh and leg
decreased ankle jerk reflex
SCIATICA in S1
supplies most of the skin of hte anterior thigh
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (purely sensory)
L2 and L3
L4 damage
impairment of knee jerk reflex
can activate all the proteolytic pancreatic enzymes including its own zymogenic form
Trypsin
premature activationg of trypsinogen BEFORE it reaches the duodenal lumen
autodigestion of the pancreatic tissues
gene mutations that render trypsin insensitive to cleavage inactivation (by trypsin itself) can cause….
hereditary pancreatitis
SPINK-1 genes
drugs associated w/ megaloblastic anemia
MTX
phenytoin
Causes 80% of acute pancreatitis cases
gallstones and chronic alcoholism
serum TG levels greater than 1000
can cause acute pancreatitis
inherited /acquired hyper TG
Cirrhosis CNS involvement Kayser Fleisher rings DECREASED ceruloplasmin inchreased hepatic copper content
WIlsons disease
Cirrhosis pancreatic fibrosis> diabetes cardiomyoipathy secondary hypogonadism High Ferritin
Hemochromatosis
Increased concentration of oxalate in the urine
intestinal malabsorption syndromes (Chrons)> calcium oxalate renal stones
Postural skeletal muscles: soleus and paraspinal msucles
Type I SLOW twitch
red muscle fibers
derive ATP from oxidative metabolism–>
increased MITOCHONDRIA…and MYOGLOBIN
White fibers
decreased mito/myoglobin
increased anaerobic glycolysis
WeIGHT training
Type 2 (any muscles that provide rapid forcefull movements are fast twitch)
hypercalcemia hypercalciuria confusion polyuria/polydipsia anorexia vomiting muscle weakness
Excess vitamin D!!!
Why do pts w/ granulomatous disorders (sarcoidosis, TB, HOdgkins, non hodgkins) frequently develop hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria?
High serum CALCITRIOL levels> increased intestinal Ca absorption/ bone resorption
can cause culture negative endocarditis
Bartonella Coxiella myocplasma histoplasma chylamydia HACEK
RT inhibitors that DO NOT require activation via intracellular phosphorylation
NNRTIs
nevirapine
efavirenz
devalvirdine
Zidovudine
Zalcitabine
NRTI
Ritonavir
HIV protease inhibitor
Efurvitide
fusion inhibiotr
Syncope
Angina
dyspnea
systolic ejection murmur at RIGHT second intercostal space that can radiate to CAROTIDS
SAD= severe aortic sentosis
MC cause of AS
senile calcific aortic valve degeneration
PAH
secreted into nephron by PROXIMAL TUBULE but NOT resorbed by any portion of the nephron
…conc is LOWEST in the bowmans space
SErtraline SE
SSRI
sexual dysfunction
SE of TCA
anticholinergic effects= urinary retention
feared SE d/t OVERDOSE w/ TCAS
CArdiac arrythmias
cancer that arises 10 years after radical mastectomy w/ axiallary LN dissection for breast cancer
lymphangiosarcoma
carcinoma associated w/ arsenic, thorotrast, and polyvinyl chloride
liver hemangiosarcoma
Older pt
paina nd deformity in bony area and hearing loss
Paget’s disease
cause of paget’s disease
excessive osteoclasti bone resorption> incrased bone turnover and chaotic one formation
OG poisoning
OGs bind IRREVERSIBLY to cholinesterase> state of cholinergic EXCESSIVE salivation, lacrimation, diaphoresis…etc. LEAKY
tx. w/ atropine (blocks Muscarinic receptor)
common complication of gram - sepsis, acute pancreatitis and burn injury
DIC
fragmented RBC
thrombocytopenia
prolonged PT/PTT
decraesed fibrinogen, factor V and VIII
DIC
Teardrop cells
myelofibrosis (bone marrow replaced by fibrosis and RBC must squeeze out)
Target cells
HbC
Asplenia
Liver disease
Thalessemia
pancytopenia
low reticulocyte count
absent splenomegaly
Aplastic anemia
Oral administration of a drug vs. IV, sublingual, rectal
Oral= LARGE first pass metabolism
IV, sublingual, rectal= bypasses most metabolizing processes and allows drugs to reach systemic circulation
signet ring carcinoma
one of the two major types of gastric adenocarcinoma (abundant mucin drops PUSH nucleus to ONE SIDE >signet ring profile)
IFILTRATES areas of the stomach> leather bottel stomach
Leads to impairment of platelet function and coagulation pathway abnormalities
vWF def
Prolonged BT, prolonged PTT, decreased platelet agg in response to ristocetin
ristocetin aggregation test
used to measure vWF dependent platelet aggregation
Ristocetin activates GP1b-X receptors on PLATELETS adn makes them available for vWF binding
If vWF is DECREASED there is POOR platelet aggregation in teh presence of ristocetin
