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Step 1 > Test 69 > Flashcards

Test 69 Flashcards

1
Q

Attack rate

A

ratio of number of people who contract illness divded by number of ppl at risk of contracting illness

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2
Q

mucosa of terminal ileum inflammed (crohns) leads to…

A

decreased bile acid resorption and loss as feces>
increased lithogenciity o fbile>
cholesterol precipitates>
forms gallstones

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3
Q

why does prior infection w/ n. gonorrhea NOT results in lasting immunity

A

bacteria modify outer membrane proteins by process of antigenic variation

abs are highly strain specific or poorly protective

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4
Q

dose dep increase in cardiac contractility and dose dependent decrease in systemic vascular resistance

A

Isoproterenol

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5
Q

isoproternol

A

increases cardiac contractility by acting on B1

at low doses binds B2> relaxation of vascular smooth muscle

NO effect on alpha receptors

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6
Q

NE

A

a1 reeptors> increase in systemic vascular resistance

B1> mild increase in myocardial ocntractility

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7
Q

Clonidine

A

central SNS agent

A2 recepotrs in brainstem> decreases peripheral vascular resistance and HR

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8
Q

Labetolol

A

a1 blocking effects

non selective B blopcker

DECREASE in myocardial onctracility and SVR

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9
Q

Phenylphrine

A

A1>A2 agonist effects

infusion> increase in SVR

Sympathomimetic drug

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10
Q

secreted/no absorbedin the PCT

A

PAH
creatinine
inulin
urea

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11
Q

absorbed/decreased in PCT

A

bicarb
glucose
AA

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12
Q

damaged by forceful ANTERIOR motion of tibia w/ respect to femur

A

ACL

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13
Q

syndrome of prolonged repetitive muscle contractions

A

Dystonia

Impaired fxn of basal ganglia

(cervical dystonia, blepharospasm (eyelids), writers cramp)

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14
Q

myoclonus

A

sudden brief severe muscle contraction (falling asleep)

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15
Q

acute onset
midchest pleuritic pain
decreases on sitting up and leaning forward

A

acute pericarditis

*pericardial friction rub

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16
Q

FF

A

GFR/RPF

*ureteral constriction= GFR is decreased, slighly increased RPF>

decreased filtration fraction

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17
Q

tx giardiasis
trichomonas vaginitis
bacterial vaginosis

A

oral metronidazole

*disulfiram rxn

18
Q

leading cuase of pneumonia, otitis media, MENINGITIS in aduls

A

S. pnumoniae

19
Q

lancet shaped gram + cocci in pairs

A

s. pneumoniae

20
Q

bean shaped gram - cocci in pairs

A

n. meningitidis

21
Q

gram + cocci in clusters

A

staph

22
Q

gram - coccobacillus

A

H. influenze

23
Q

facultatively intracellular motile gram + rod

A

listeria monocytogenes

24
Q

sudden onset abdominal/flank kpain, hematoria and left sidded varicocele in pt w/ nephrotic syndrome

A

HYPERCOAGULABLE STATE> renal vein thrombosis

25
Q

ST elevation in leads V1-V3

A

LAD occlusion

26
Q

sense hypoxia nd respond by synthesizing EPO>

production of RBC in bone marrow

A

Renal cortical cells in kidney

27
Q

most effective anticoagulant at inactivating thrombin

binds both antithrombin and thrombin to allow antithrmbin to inactivate thrombin

A

unfractionated heparin

28
Q

unfractionated heparin

LMWH

A

bind to antithrombin to INCREASE activity against Factor Xa

29
Q

why should nitrates NOT be used w/ PDE inhbitors

A

BOTH incrase cGMP> vascular SM relaxatoin>

profound hypotension

30
Q

Hypocapnia

A

alveolar HYPERventilation

*arterial PaCO22 is a direct indicator of alveolar venitlation status

31
Q

upper airway obstruction
reduced ventilatory drive
respiratory muscle fatigue
decreased chest wall compliance

A

alveolar HYPOventilation and hypercapnia

32
Q

UT infection in children that leads to:

dysuria and hematuria–> heomorrhagic cystitis

A

ADENOVIRUS

33
Q

M3 AML

persistent infection
coagulopathy> hemorrhagic signs/sxs

promyelocytes w/ auer rods

A

t(15:17)

fusion of ALPHA RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR GENE and PML gene

34
Q

t(9;22)

A

Philadelphia chromosome
CML
BCR-ABL fusion protein

35
Q

(t8;14), t(8;22)

A

Burkitt lymphoma

movement of myc protooncogene from chrom 8 to region near the IG promoter site on chromosomes 14, 22, 2

36
Q

t(14;18)

A

non hodgkin follicular small cell lymphoma

places BCL-2 protooncogene from chrom 18 near IG heavy chain promoter on chrom 15

37
Q

found in the cell walls of tropheryma whippeli and colors MAGENTA w/ PAS and is diastase resistant>
good for evluating Whipple disease

A

Glycoprotein

38
Q

Calcium

A

dark purple deposit

H and E stain

39
Q

Iron

A

blue

stained w/ prussian blue

40
Q

damage leads to hemibaillism

A

subthalamic nucleus (most often d/t lacunar stroke)–> usually CONTRALATERAL

41
Q

WING BEATING TREMOR
PSYCHOSIS
CIRRHOSIS

A

WILSON DISEASE > hepatolenticular degeneration (GP and putamen)

42
Q

damage to internal capsule

A

perforating arteries are obstructed (lacunar infarcts)> pure MOTOR or pure SENSORY deficits

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