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Step 1 > Test 73 > Flashcards

Test 73 Flashcards

1
Q

purpose of blinding

A

prevent pt or researcher expectancy from itnerfering w/ outcome

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2
Q

SE of loop diuretics (HIGH doses, rapid IV administration)

usually reversible but can be permanent

A

ototoxicity

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3
Q

SE of HCTZ

A

hypokalemia
hyponatremia
hypomagnesemia

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4
Q

MC SE of spirnonolcatone

A

hyperkalemia

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5
Q

major stimulator of respoiration in healthy ppl

A

PaCO2

slight increase > increased pulmonary ventilation

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6
Q

responsible for sensing arterial PaO2 and can be suppressed with oxygen administration

A

Peripheral chemoreceptors

respond to HYPOXEMIA

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7
Q

major stimulator of cenral chemoreceptors

A

increased PaCO2

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8
Q

regulate the duration of inspiration and protect the lung from hyperinflation

A

pulmonary stretch receptors

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9
Q

hematuria plus renal mass

A

RCC

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10
Q

AD
cerebellar hemangioblastoma
clear cell renal carcinomas
pheochromocytomas

A

VHL on chrom 3

RCC is major cuase of death

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11
Q

WT-1 muation

A

wilms tumor on chrom 11

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12
Q

vertical diplopia (reading the newspaper, walking down stairs)

A

trochlear nerve palsy

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13
Q

vertical and horizontal diplopia
ptosis
enlarged and nonreactive pupil

A

CN III

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14
Q

horizontal diplopia and esotropia (inward deviation)

A

CN 6

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15
Q

impaired horizontal eye movement and weak addection of affected eye w/ adduction nystagumus

A

MLF lesion

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16
Q

lactose challenge

A

Give lactose then measure blood glucose levels> if don’t incrase lactose intolerance is confirmed

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17
Q

results in lactase def pt

A

increased stool osmotic gap
increased breath H content
decreased stool pH upon lactose challenge

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18
Q

majority of water absorption in the nephron

A

Proximal tubule passively w/ reabsorption of solutes

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19
Q

positive for anti-HBsAg but negative for HBsAg

A

immunized

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20
Q

1 g of protiein

A

4 al energy

21
Q

1 g of fat

A

9 cal energy

22
Q

important prognostic factor in PSGN

A

age

only 60% of affected adults recover completely

23
Q

MCC of mitral stenosis

A

chronic rheumatic heart disease

24
Q

infective endocarditis of mitral valve

A

destruction and regurgitation

25
Q

mitral valvular calcinosis

A

does not impair valve function

26
Q

alpha adrennergic agonists (phenylphrine)

A

increase BOTH systolic and diastolic BP vai stimulation of a1 adrenoreceptors in vascular walls

elevated BP is associated w/ reflex incase in vagal tone> decreased heart rate and SLOWER AV node conduction velocity

27
Q

Ideal agent for tx HTN or CHF in woman who is also at risk for osteoprososis

A

HCTZ

increases absorption of Ca from DCT

28
Q

diuretic used to tx hypercalcemia

A

furosemide

29
Q

HTN
tachycardia
elevated CVP taht produces JVD

A

Cardiac tamponade

30
Q

acute fibrinous pericarditis

A

may follow URI

pleuritic chest pain
pericardial friction rub

31
Q

constrictive pericarditis

A

chronic process that requries MONTHS to years to produce constriction suff to cause tamponade

32
Q

ACh levels in ALZ pts

A

DECREASED ACh in nucleus basalas of MEYNERT and hippocampus d/t diminished activity of choline ACETYLTRASNFERASE in these cerebrals tructures

33
Q

contains large amts of NE

plays a role in panic attacks and panic disorder

A

locus ceruelus

34
Q

raphne nuclei

A

serotonergic neurons

serotonin is implicated in anorexia, depressiona nd sleep disorders

35
Q

occurs in small outbteaks among individuals living in close quarters

febrile pharyngitis
cough
nasal congestion
conjuntivitis
enlarged cervical nodes
A

adenovirus

36
Q

Calcivirus=Norwalk

A

epidemic viral gastroenteritis

37
Q

Paramyxo

A

parainfluenza

croup

38
Q

finely granular
eosinophilic appearnce
“ground glass”

A

chronic HBV>

hepatic injury

39
Q

lylmphoid aggregates in portal tracts

focal areas of macrovesicular steatosis

A

HCV

40
Q

rarely involved in PAN

A

LUNGS!!!

segmental, transmural, necrotizing inflammation of medium- small sized arteries

41
Q

non enveloped

ssDNA

A

Parvo B19

fifth disease

42
Q

cardiac atria amyloidosis

A

atrial natriuretic peptide

form of senile cardiac amyloidosis that can icnrase the risk of afib

43
Q

thyroid gland amyloidosis

A

calcitonin

44
Q

pancretic islet cell amyloidosis

A

islet amyloid protein (amylin)

45
Q

cerbrum/cerebral BV amyloidosis

A

B amyloid protein

46
Q

PG amyloidosis

A

prolactin

47
Q

Gerd>

barretts>

A

esophageal adenocarcinoma

48
Q

cigarette somking
alcohol use
RF for…

A

Sq carcinoma of the esophagus

49
Q

involves the skin and GI tract

common in HIV pts not on antiretroviral therpay

A

kaposi’s sarcoma

biopsy shows SPINDLE CELLS n
neovascularization
extravasated RBC

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