Test 73 Flashcards
purpose of blinding
prevent pt or researcher expectancy from itnerfering w/ outcome
SE of loop diuretics (HIGH doses, rapid IV administration)
usually reversible but can be permanent
ototoxicity
SE of HCTZ
hypokalemia
hyponatremia
hypomagnesemia
MC SE of spirnonolcatone
hyperkalemia
major stimulator of respoiration in healthy ppl
PaCO2
slight increase > increased pulmonary ventilation
responsible for sensing arterial PaO2 and can be suppressed with oxygen administration
Peripheral chemoreceptors
respond to HYPOXEMIA
major stimulator of cenral chemoreceptors
increased PaCO2
regulate the duration of inspiration and protect the lung from hyperinflation
pulmonary stretch receptors
hematuria plus renal mass
RCC
AD
cerebellar hemangioblastoma
clear cell renal carcinomas
pheochromocytomas
VHL on chrom 3
RCC is major cuase of death
WT-1 muation
wilms tumor on chrom 11
vertical diplopia (reading the newspaper, walking down stairs)
trochlear nerve palsy
vertical and horizontal diplopia
ptosis
enlarged and nonreactive pupil
CN III
horizontal diplopia and esotropia (inward deviation)
CN 6
impaired horizontal eye movement and weak addection of affected eye w/ adduction nystagumus
MLF lesion
lactose challenge
Give lactose then measure blood glucose levels> if don’t incrase lactose intolerance is confirmed
results in lactase def pt
increased stool osmotic gap
increased breath H content
decreased stool pH upon lactose challenge
majority of water absorption in the nephron
Proximal tubule passively w/ reabsorption of solutes
positive for anti-HBsAg but negative for HBsAg
immunized
1 g of protiein
4 al energy
1 g of fat
9 cal energy
important prognostic factor in PSGN
age
only 60% of affected adults recover completely
MCC of mitral stenosis
chronic rheumatic heart disease
infective endocarditis of mitral valve
destruction and regurgitation
mitral valvular calcinosis
does not impair valve function
alpha adrennergic agonists (phenylphrine)
increase BOTH systolic and diastolic BP vai stimulation of a1 adrenoreceptors in vascular walls
elevated BP is associated w/ reflex incase in vagal tone> decreased heart rate and SLOWER AV node conduction velocity
Ideal agent for tx HTN or CHF in woman who is also at risk for osteoprososis
HCTZ
increases absorption of Ca from DCT
diuretic used to tx hypercalcemia
furosemide
HTN
tachycardia
elevated CVP taht produces JVD
Cardiac tamponade
acute fibrinous pericarditis
may follow URI
pleuritic chest pain
pericardial friction rub
constrictive pericarditis
chronic process that requries MONTHS to years to produce constriction suff to cause tamponade
ACh levels in ALZ pts
DECREASED ACh in nucleus basalas of MEYNERT and hippocampus d/t diminished activity of choline ACETYLTRASNFERASE in these cerebrals tructures
contains large amts of NE
plays a role in panic attacks and panic disorder
locus ceruelus
raphne nuclei
serotonergic neurons
serotonin is implicated in anorexia, depressiona nd sleep disorders
occurs in small outbteaks among individuals living in close quarters
febrile pharyngitis cough nasal congestion conjuntivitis enlarged cervical nodes
adenovirus
Calcivirus=Norwalk
epidemic viral gastroenteritis
Paramyxo
parainfluenza
croup
finely granular
eosinophilic appearnce
“ground glass”
chronic HBV>
hepatic injury
lylmphoid aggregates in portal tracts
focal areas of macrovesicular steatosis
HCV
rarely involved in PAN
LUNGS!!!
segmental, transmural, necrotizing inflammation of medium- small sized arteries
non enveloped
ssDNA
Parvo B19
fifth disease
cardiac atria amyloidosis
atrial natriuretic peptide
form of senile cardiac amyloidosis that can icnrase the risk of afib
thyroid gland amyloidosis
calcitonin
pancretic islet cell amyloidosis
islet amyloid protein (amylin)
cerbrum/cerebral BV amyloidosis
B amyloid protein
PG amyloidosis
prolactin
Gerd>
barretts>
esophageal adenocarcinoma
cigarette somking
alcohol use
RF for…
Sq carcinoma of the esophagus
involves the skin and GI tract
common in HIV pts not on antiretroviral therpay
kaposi’s sarcoma
biopsy shows SPINDLE CELLS n
neovascularization
extravasated RBC