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Test 68 Flashcards

1
Q

Difficulty swallowing
blurred vision sudden onset
decreased compound muscle AP

A

c. Botulinum

3Ds:
diplopia
dysphagia
dysphonia

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2
Q

progressive neurodegeneration
cherry red macular spot
NO heptaosplenomeglay

A

Tay sachs

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3
Q

Tay sachs enzyme def

A 
def in B hexosaminidase A>
GM2 ganglioside accumulation
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4
Q

Angiokeratomas
cardiac and renal involvement
painful neuropathy

A

ceramide trihexosidase

alpha galactosidase (SAUCERS)

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5
Q

Mphages that look like crumped tissue paper
hepatsplenomegaly
pancytopenia
severe bone and joint pain

A

glucocerebroside

B glucocerebrosidase

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6
Q

Gargoylism
corneal clouding
hepatpslenomegaly

A

Dermatan and heparin sulfate

AL iduronidase

Hurler syndrome

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7
Q

Huler + NO cornelal clouding

A

iduronate sulfatase

HUNTER

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8
Q

Hepatosplenomegaly
cherry red spot on macula
foam cells

A

Sphingomyelin

sphingomyelinase

NP Disease

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9
Q

progressive neruodegeneration and optic atrophy

galactocerebroside accumulation

A

Krabbe

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10
Q

muscle wasting
dementia
ataxia

cerebroside sulfatide accumulation

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy

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11
Q

cerebellar ataxia
loss of position/vibration sensation
kyphoscoliosis
hypertorphic cardiomyopathy

A

Friedrich ataxia

chrom 9= frataxin> needed for normal mito fxn

degeneration of SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACTS

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12
Q

Cerebral cortex atrophy

A

alzheimers

Pick dsiease

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13
Q

loss of neruons in AH of spinal cord

A

poliomyelitis

ALS

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14
Q

clusters of GRam + cocci

A

S. Aureus

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15
Q

VF that forms part of OUTER peptidoglycan layer of S. aureus and BINDS Fc portion of IgG Abs at complement binding site to prevent complement activation

A

Protein A

decreased opsonization and phagocytosis

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16
Q

hemolysin

A

secreted by S. aureus

causes hemolysis and destruction of neutrophils, mphages, platelets

17
Q

IgA proteases

A

S. pneumoniae
N. gonorrhea

cleave IgA Abs> prevent them from interfering w/ bacterial adhesion to mucous membranes

18
Q

how does low estrogen lead to lower bone mass

A

hypoestrogenic states>
over expression of RANK rkeceptors>
increase osteoCLAST activity>
increased bone resorption

19
Q

why do smaller spherules collpase before larger ones?

A

law of laplace

as radius of sphere w/ constant ST decreases, the distending pressure decreases

surfactant counteracts alveolar collapse by DECREASING ST as alveolar radius decreases

P=2T/r (smaller radius> higher P)

20
Q

develops on chronically sun ezposed areas on skin

sandpaper liek texture

potential to progress to Sq CC

A

ACtinic Keratosis

21
Q

actue atopic dermatitis

A

infants and children

ghihly pruritic erythematouc papules and plaques (spongiosis> edema of epidermis)

22
Q

xmas tree pattern

solitary pink/brown sclay plaque w/ cnetral clearing (herald patch)

A

pityriasis rosea

23
Q

well circumscribed raised papules and plaques covered w/ a thick sivery sclae on EXTENSOR areas

A

psoriasis

24
Q

antiretroviral agents that bind to HIV gp41

A

FUSION inhibitors

EnFURVITIDE

25
Q

gp120

A

HIV ATTACHMENT to target cells

26
Q

APKD> berry aneurysm>

Used to prevent cerebral vascular SPASM following subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

CCB (Nimodipine)

decrease morbidity and mortality d/t cerebral vasospasm

27
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Binds ERGOSTEROL of fungal cell membrane….but it also binds CHOLESTEROL to some degree> toxicity in human tissues (nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia)

Nystatin does this too but it’s too toxic for human use

28
Q

inhibit cyt p450

A

Fluconazole

Itraconazole

29
Q

Chlorpromazine

Thioridazine

A

LOW potency antipsychotics

sedation
anticholinergic
orthostatic hypotn

30
Q

Haloperidol

fluphenazine

A

HIGH potency antipsychoitc

extrapyramidal sxs (dystonia, akathisisa, perkinsonism)

31
Q

marked intrahepatic bile duct prolifeartion
portal tract edema nad fibrosis
parenchymal cholestasis

A

Extrahepatic biliary atresia

32
Q

priamry histologic finding in pts w/ eczematous dermatitis (contact dermatitis)

A

spongiosis

33
Q

LATEARL to inferior epigastric vessels
continue into scrotum
felt by deep palpation of external ring

A

INDIRECT

34
Q

MEDIAL to inf epi vessels

do NOT protrude into scortum

A

DIRECT

Step 1 (69 decks)

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