Test 68 Flashcards
Difficulty swallowing
blurred vision sudden onset
decreased compound muscle AP
c. Botulinum
3Ds:
diplopia
dysphagia
dysphonia
progressive neurodegeneration
cherry red macular spot
NO heptaosplenomeglay
Tay sachs
Tay sachs enzyme def
def in B hexosaminidase A> GM2 ganglioside accumulation
Angiokeratomas
cardiac and renal involvement
painful neuropathy
ceramide trihexosidase
alpha galactosidase (SAUCERS)
Mphages that look like crumped tissue paper
hepatsplenomegaly
pancytopenia
severe bone and joint pain
glucocerebroside
B glucocerebrosidase
Gargoylism
corneal clouding
hepatpslenomegaly
Dermatan and heparin sulfate
AL iduronidase
Hurler syndrome
Huler + NO cornelal clouding
iduronate sulfatase
HUNTER
Hepatosplenomegaly
cherry red spot on macula
foam cells
Sphingomyelin
sphingomyelinase
NP Disease
progressive neruodegeneration and optic atrophy
galactocerebroside accumulation
Krabbe
muscle wasting
dementia
ataxia
cerebroside sulfatide accumulation
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
cerebellar ataxia
loss of position/vibration sensation
kyphoscoliosis
hypertorphic cardiomyopathy
Friedrich ataxia
chrom 9= frataxin> needed for normal mito fxn
degeneration of SPINOCEREBELLAR TRACTS
Cerebral cortex atrophy
alzheimers
Pick dsiease
loss of neruons in AH of spinal cord
poliomyelitis
ALS
clusters of GRam + cocci
S. Aureus
VF that forms part of OUTER peptidoglycan layer of S. aureus and BINDS Fc portion of IgG Abs at complement binding site to prevent complement activation
Protein A
decreased opsonization and phagocytosis
hemolysin
secreted by S. aureus
causes hemolysis and destruction of neutrophils, mphages, platelets
IgA proteases
S. pneumoniae
N. gonorrhea
cleave IgA Abs> prevent them from interfering w/ bacterial adhesion to mucous membranes
how does low estrogen lead to lower bone mass
hypoestrogenic states>
over expression of RANK rkeceptors>
increase osteoCLAST activity>
increased bone resorption
why do smaller spherules collpase before larger ones?
law of laplace
as radius of sphere w/ constant ST decreases, the distending pressure decreases
surfactant counteracts alveolar collapse by DECREASING ST as alveolar radius decreases
P=2T/r (smaller radius> higher P)
develops on chronically sun ezposed areas on skin
sandpaper liek texture
potential to progress to Sq CC
ACtinic Keratosis
actue atopic dermatitis
infants and children
ghihly pruritic erythematouc papules and plaques (spongiosis> edema of epidermis)
xmas tree pattern
solitary pink/brown sclay plaque w/ cnetral clearing (herald patch)
pityriasis rosea
well circumscribed raised papules and plaques covered w/ a thick sivery sclae on EXTENSOR areas
psoriasis
antiretroviral agents that bind to HIV gp41
FUSION inhibitors
EnFURVITIDE
gp120
HIV ATTACHMENT to target cells
APKD> berry aneurysm>
Used to prevent cerebral vascular SPASM following subarachnoid hemorrhage
CCB (Nimodipine)
decrease morbidity and mortality d/t cerebral vasospasm
Amphotericin B
Binds ERGOSTEROL of fungal cell membrane….but it also binds CHOLESTEROL to some degree> toxicity in human tissues (nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia)
Nystatin does this too but it’s too toxic for human use
inhibit cyt p450
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine
LOW potency antipsychotics
sedation
anticholinergic
orthostatic hypotn
Haloperidol
fluphenazine
HIGH potency antipsychoitc
extrapyramidal sxs (dystonia, akathisisa, perkinsonism)
marked intrahepatic bile duct prolifeartion
portal tract edema nad fibrosis
parenchymal cholestasis
Extrahepatic biliary atresia
priamry histologic finding in pts w/ eczematous dermatitis (contact dermatitis)
spongiosis
LATEARL to inferior epigastric vessels
continue into scrotum
felt by deep palpation of external ring
INDIRECT
MEDIAL to inf epi vessels
do NOT protrude into scortum
DIRECT
