TEst 89

Question 1

Hysterectomy>
unintentional ureteral ligation>
distension of renal pelvis and kidney>
flank pain that radiates to the groin and a palpable mass (the kidney) on deep abdominal palpation

Answer 1

watch out for hysterectomys

Question 2

asymptomatic course of proggressivley worsening uremia

Answer 2

APCKD

Question 3

painless hematuria, flank pain, palbable mass

Answer 3

Renal cell carcinoma

NOT likely to occur folowing a pelvic procedure

Question 4

displacement

Answer 4

from person to object

Question 5

sublimation

Answer 5

unacceptable drives redirected toward acceptable target

Question 6

reaction formation

Answer 6

unacceptable feelings ignored and redirected twaords opposite

Question 7

contralateral superior quandrantopia

Answer 7

Pie in the sky

Temporal
Meyers lobe

Question 8

nontypable H influenza strains

Answer 8

strains of h inlufenza that DO NOT form an antiphagocytic capcsukle

…Part of the NORMAL flora of URT that can cause otitis media, sinusitis and bronchitis

Hib vaccine only gives you immunity to capsular strains

Question 9

MC causes of frequent acute otits medai

Answer 9

h influenza

s. pneumonia

Question 10

BRAF

Answer 10

Protein kinase involved in activation of signaling pathways for MELANOCYTE proliferation

BRAF V600E mut seen in 40-60% of pts w/ melanoma

Question 11

MCC of esophagitis

Answer 11

GERD

Question 12

mechanism responsible for GERD

Answer 12

GE jxn incompetence

repeated exposure of esophageal mucosa to acidic gastric contents> chemical injurya nd inflammatory reaction

Question 13

basal zone hyperplasia

elongation of LP and inflammatory cells (eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes)

Answer 13

GERD

Question 14

FF

Answer 14

GFR/RPF

RPF= RBF x (1-Hematocrit)

Question 15

zolpidem

Answer 15

SHORT acting hypnotic med UNRELATED to benzos

same action as benszos but lower risk of tolerance and dependence

Question 16

TEmazEPAM

estraZOLAM

Answer 16

BENZOS hypnotics w/ med duration

HIGHER risk of addiction/tolerance

Question 17

Triazolam

Answer 17

SHORT acting hypnotic belonging to BENZO class

MORE physical dep b/c of short t/12

Question 18

Flurazepam

Answer 18

long acting benzo used for tx of insomnia

Question 19

Neutrophil chemotaxis

Answer 19

Leuk B4
5HETE
C5a
kallikrein

Question 20

anemia in woman of childbearing age

Answer 20

IDA secondary to menstrual blood loss

Question 21

Estrogens affects on HMGCoA reductase

Answer 21

increases biosynthesis of cholesterol by increaseing HMG-CoA reductase activity

Question 22

Medication that suppresses cholesteral 7a hydroxylase activity and reduces convesrion of cholesterol to bile acids> excess cholesterol secretion in bile

Answer 22

Fibrates

reduced conversion of choleslterol into bile acids> increased concentration of cholesterol in the bile

Question 23

B6 def caused by isoniazid

Answer 23

isoniazid is structurally similar to B6>
increases hte urinary excretion of B6 and competes for bit B6 binding sites>
defective syntehsis of NT like GABA

Question 24

Metalloproteinases

Answer 24

Zn containing enzymes that DEGRADE extracellular matrix

participate in normal tissue remodeling and in tumor INVASION through the BM and CT

Question 25

Detachment of tumor cells

Answer 25

down regulation of E cadherins

Question 26

Detached tumors cells ahve increased ability to adhere to BM

Answer 26

increased expression of laminin and other adhesion molecules

Question 27

Invasion of BM by tumors

Answer 27

metalloproteinases and cathepsin D protesase

Question 28

Acute RF cause of death

Answer 28

heart failure d/t myocarditis

Question 29

MTX

Answer 29

antimetabolite that is structurally similar to FOLIC ACID INHIBITS DHFR> decreased THF

Question 30

marked one sided kidney atrophy

Answer 30

renal artery stensosis atherosclerotic changes in elderly fibromuscular dysplasia in woman of childbearing years

Question 31

used to tx focal dystonias, achalasias and spasms

Answer 31

c. botulinum gram + spore forming anaerobic rod

Question 32

poly most liikely to progress to adenocarcinoma

Answer 32

villous

Question 33

mitochondrial vacuolization

Answer 33

signn of irreversible injury mitochondria are permanently unable to genrate ATP

Question 34

disaggregation of grnaular and fibrilar elements of the nuculeus glycogen loss myofibril relaxation disaggregation of polysomes

Answer 34

reversible injury

Question 35

paraoxysmal berathlessnessa nd wheezing in a young patient

Answer 35

extrinsic allergic ashma

Question 36

sputum of asthmatic

Answer 36

eosinophils and charcot leden crystals (crystalloid mass) activated by IL5 secreted by TH2

Question 37

Cardio SE of carcinoid syndrome

Answer 37

Right sided endocardial fibrosis> pulmonic stenosis/restrictive cardiomyoipathy severoity relates to levels of 5HAA

Question 38

omalizumab

Answer 38

inhibits IgE binding to mast cells