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Test 74 Flashcards

1
Q

partial mole

A

tripolid karyotype
vaginal bleeding
lower abdominal pain

associated w/ LOW risk invasive trophoblastic disease

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2
Q 
vaginal bleeding
enlraged uterus
pre-eclampsia
bunch of grapes
NO fetal tissue
46XX, XY

great risk of malignant trophoblastic disease

A

Complete mole

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3
Q

PSGN

A

Enlarged hypercellular glomeruli
lumpy bumpy granular deposits of IgG and C3
Elecron desen deposits on EPITHELIAL side of membrane

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4
Q

basement membrane splitting

A

MPGN and alport syndrome

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5
Q

uniform diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary walls

A

membranous glomerulopathy

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6
Q

linear IgG and C3 deposits

A

anti GBM disease
Goodpasture syndrome

crescent formation

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7
Q

recurrent infections caused by viruses, fungi, bacteria and opportunistic pathogens
FTT
chronic diarrhea
in first year of life

A

SCID

*pneumocystis infections
chronic mucocandidiasis

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8
Q

recurrent infections caused by extracellular encapsulated organisms

A

Agammaglobulinemia

isolated B cell defect

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9
Q

candida skin test

A

gauges activity of cell mediated IR

active cells are CD4, CD8 T lylmphocytes and NK cells

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10
Q

anergy

A

expected in SCID where there is hypoplasia of both B and T cell lines

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11
Q

hemoptysis from alveolar hemorrhage

NO granulomas on lung pathology

A

goodpasture syndrome

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12
Q

asthma like sxs

granulomas w/ central necrotic azone

A

churg strauss

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13
Q

Ureters

A

cross OVER hte common/external iliac

UNDER the gonadal vessels

anteroLATERAL to the internal iliac
MEDIAL to ovarian vessels

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14
Q

undesirable affect of volatile anesthetics

A

INCREASE cerebral blood flow>
increased ICP

also cause:
myocardial depression, hYPOtn, respiratory depression, decreased renal fxn

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15
Q

elevated in pts w/ HF and used to determine if pt is suffering from CHF exacerbation

A

BNP

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16
Q

mechanism of ANP and BNP

A

activates GC which induces an increase of intracellular cyclic GMP

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17
Q

natriuretic peptides

A

cause vasodilation, diuresis and natriuresis

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18
Q

bradykinin

A

constrict veins and dilate arterioles to increase renal perfusion

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19
Q

endothelin

angiotensin II

A

vasoconstrictors that increase the AFTERLOAD which the failing heart has to pump against in the setting of HF

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20
Q

MC cardiovascular manifetation associated w/ SLE

sharp pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting/leaning forwad

A

pericarditis

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21
Q

TRUE hyphae
incubated at 37 degrees for 3 hours
GERM TUBES

A

Candidiaseis

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22
Q

most likely site of candida BEFORE entering sputum

A

normal inhabitant of GI intract (including oral cavity) in up to 40% of population> coommon contaminant of sputum cultures

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23
Q

Anti-GBM Abs that react w/ a componeent of alpha 3 cahin of collagen type IV

A

Goodpasture syndrome

rapidly progressive GN>
acute renal failure and hemoptysis d/t pulmonary hemorrhage

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24
Q

joint paina nd cardiac murmur

A

rheumatic heart disease

M proteins of strep cross react w/ glycoprotein Ags in heart and joints

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25
Q

dysphagia and scleorodactaly

A

CREST syndrome (anti-centromere abs)

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26
Q

flushing and warmth after taking med for hyperlipidemia

A

NIACIN> cutaneous flushing d/t PGS

Prevented by aspirin pre tx

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27
Q

reduces pain by decreasing hte level of substance P in the PNS

A

capsaicin

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28
Q

mediates vancomyacin induced red man syndsrome

A

histamine

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29
Q

Vasopressin

A

V2 receptor mediated increase in permeability to water and urea at luminal membrane of inner medullary colledting duct

(increase in urea corresponds to a DECREASE in the fractional excretion of urea and a DECREASE in the renal clearance of urea from the plasma)

30
Q

focal areas of fat necrosis, Ca depositiona dn interstitial edema

A

acute interstitial pancreatitis

chalky white areas interspersed w/ hemorrhage

31
Q

diseases that cause diarrhea w/ a small inoculum

A

c. jejuni
shigella
entamoeaba
giardia

32
Q

requrie high inoculums

A

salmonella
vibrio
c. perfringens
e. coli

33
Q

removal of inhaled particles that lodge in the bronchial tree

A

proximal transport of mucus by CILIATED epithelial cells

34
Q

xanthomas

A

hyperlipidemia

present in conjunction w/ family hx of early cardiac death

35
Q

carcinonid tmors

A

composed of nests/sheets of uniform cells
eosinophili cytoplasm and oval to round stippled nuclei

*derived from ECL cells of intestinal mucosa

36
Q

MC location of intestinal carcinonids

A

ileum

often occur in appendix/rectum

37
Q

dose limiting SE of vincristine

A

neurotoxicity

failure of microtubule polymerization in euronal axons

38
Q

pulmonary fibroiss and flagellate skin discoloration

A

bleomycin

39
Q

SE of doxorubicin

A

CHF

40
Q

SE of cyclophosphamide

A

hemorrhagic cystitis

41
Q

reduced lungn compliance

A

for a given volume pressure is INCREASED

42
Q

Nifedipine

A

peripheral vasodialation> reflex tachycardia

  • useful for pts w/ bradycardia
  • does not affect AV conduction
43
Q

Verapamil and diltiazem

A

CARDIAC Specific

RATE control in a. fib

slow conduction through AV node

44
Q

Metoprolol

A

cardioselective beta adrenergic agent

GREATER affinity for B1 receptors> mediate AV nodal conduction> SLOW AV nodal conduction

45
Q

S4

A

often heard in OLDER adults d/t age related DECREASE in left ventricular compliance (ventricular hypertorphy following prolonged HTN)

46
Q

POSTprandial epigastric pain
food aversion/weight loss
generalized atherosclerosis

A

chronic mesenteric ischemia> *intestinal angina (analogous to STABLE angina, occurs d/t increased myocardial oxygen demand is is relieved w/ rest/nitroglycerin)

47
Q

Turner syndrome cardiac anomaly

A

bicuspid aortic valve

48
Q

MVP

A

marfan and ED syndromes

49
Q

block that provides anesthesia to majority of perineum

A

pudendal nerve

*palpate for the ischial spines

50
Q

provide complete perineal and genital anesthesia

A

genitofemoral

ilioinguinal nerves

51
Q

major determinant of viral tropism for specific tissues of specific hosts

A

extent to which the viral surface proteins can bind to complementary host cell plasmalemma recetpors

*mutation in viral encoded envelope GLYCOPROTEIN

52
Q

pathogenesis of Crohns

A

TH1 that mediate delayed hypersensitivity rxns and GRANULOMA FORMATION

increased TH1> IL-2, IFNy, TNF> intestinal injury

*non caseating granulomas are characteristic of crohns

53
Q

sudden upward stretching of the arm at hte shoulder

A

damages lower trunk of BP (C8-T1)>
median and ulnar nerves >
innervate intrinsic muscles of hand

54
Q

fluid filled cavity in the liver

fevers, chills, RUQ abdominal pain

A

hepatic abscess

55
Q

causes hepatic abscesses via hematogenous seeding of the liver

A

s. aureus

56
Q

cause hepatic abscesses by ASCENDING the biliary tract

A

e. coli
klebsiella
enterococci

57
Q

proto-oncogene

A

stimulate cell proliferation

58
Q

ras
n-myc
ERB-B1

ERB-B2
TGFa
sis
abl

A

proto-oncogenes

59
Q 
BRCA
NF1
APC/b catenin
DCC
p52
RB
WT-1
A

anti0oncogenes

60
Q

elevated wedge pressure

A

suggestive of cardiogenic (Hemodynamic) cause of pulmonary edema (pulmonary venous HTN)

61
Q

ARDS

A

increased pulmonary capillary permeability> interstitial and alveolar edema nad exudate

elads to DECREAE in lung compliance, INCREASED work of breathing, WORSE V/Q

PCWP is NORMAL

62
Q

fever
jaundice
anorexia
IV drug user

A

viral hepatitis (HCV)

63
Q

acute viral hepatitis

A

hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis

64
Q

apoptotic hepatocytes

A

shrink
nuclear fragmentation
intensely eosinophilic (acidophilic bodies, councilman bodies, apoptotic bodies)

65
Q

liquefactive necrosis

A

CNS infarcts

66
Q

fibrinoid necrosis

A

inflammation and necrosis of arterial walls in vasculitisq

67
Q

peptostreptococcus
prevotella
bacteroides
fusobacgterium

A

ANAEROBIC bacteria

NORMALLY found in ORAL cavity and are most frequent cause of lung ABSCESSES

68
Q

RF for lung abscesses

A

conditions increase aspiration risk (alcoholism, drug abuse, seizure disorders, stroke, dementia)

69
Q

encephalitis that lkes temporal lobe
aphasia
olfactory hallucinations
personality changes

edema and hemorrhagic necrosis of temporal lobes

A

HSV-1 encephalitis

70
Q

psychotorpic medication that causes HYPOthyroidism (weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, constipation), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and accumulates in pts w/ renal insufficiency

A

Li

71
Q

mediates vascular rxn to endothelial and intimal injury

A

intimal hyperplasia and fibrosis medaited by reactive SMOOTH MUSCLE cells that migrate from media to INTIMA

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