Test 74 Flashcards
partial mole
tripolid karyotype
vaginal bleeding
lower abdominal pain
associated w/ LOW risk invasive trophoblastic disease
vaginal bleeding enlraged uterus pre-eclampsia bunch of grapes NO fetal tissue 46XX, XY
great risk of malignant trophoblastic disease
Complete mole
PSGN
Enlarged hypercellular glomeruli
lumpy bumpy granular deposits of IgG and C3
Elecron desen deposits on EPITHELIAL side of membrane
basement membrane splitting
MPGN and alport syndrome
uniform diffuse thickening of glomerular capillary walls
membranous glomerulopathy
linear IgG and C3 deposits
anti GBM disease
Goodpasture syndrome
crescent formation
recurrent infections caused by viruses, fungi, bacteria and opportunistic pathogens
FTT
chronic diarrhea
in first year of life
SCID
*pneumocystis infections
chronic mucocandidiasis
recurrent infections caused by extracellular encapsulated organisms
Agammaglobulinemia
isolated B cell defect
candida skin test
gauges activity of cell mediated IR
active cells are CD4, CD8 T lylmphocytes and NK cells
anergy
expected in SCID where there is hypoplasia of both B and T cell lines
hemoptysis from alveolar hemorrhage
NO granulomas on lung pathology
goodpasture syndrome
asthma like sxs
granulomas w/ central necrotic azone
churg strauss
Ureters
cross OVER hte common/external iliac
UNDER the gonadal vessels
anteroLATERAL to the internal iliac
MEDIAL to ovarian vessels
undesirable affect of volatile anesthetics
INCREASE cerebral blood flow>
increased ICP
also cause:
myocardial depression, hYPOtn, respiratory depression, decreased renal fxn
elevated in pts w/ HF and used to determine if pt is suffering from CHF exacerbation
BNP
mechanism of ANP and BNP
activates GC which induces an increase of intracellular cyclic GMP
natriuretic peptides
cause vasodilation, diuresis and natriuresis
bradykinin
constrict veins and dilate arterioles to increase renal perfusion
endothelin
angiotensin II
vasoconstrictors that increase the AFTERLOAD which the failing heart has to pump against in the setting of HF
MC cardiovascular manifetation associated w/ SLE
sharp pleuritic chest pain that is relieved by sitting/leaning forwad
pericarditis
TRUE hyphae
incubated at 37 degrees for 3 hours
GERM TUBES
Candidiaseis
most likely site of candida BEFORE entering sputum
normal inhabitant of GI intract (including oral cavity) in up to 40% of population> coommon contaminant of sputum cultures
Anti-GBM Abs that react w/ a componeent of alpha 3 cahin of collagen type IV
Goodpasture syndrome
rapidly progressive GN>
acute renal failure and hemoptysis d/t pulmonary hemorrhage
joint paina nd cardiac murmur
rheumatic heart disease
M proteins of strep cross react w/ glycoprotein Ags in heart and joints
dysphagia and scleorodactaly
CREST syndrome (anti-centromere abs)
flushing and warmth after taking med for hyperlipidemia
NIACIN> cutaneous flushing d/t PGS
Prevented by aspirin pre tx
reduces pain by decreasing hte level of substance P in the PNS
capsaicin
mediates vancomyacin induced red man syndsrome
histamine
Vasopressin
V2 receptor mediated increase in permeability to water and urea at luminal membrane of inner medullary colledting duct
(increase in urea corresponds to a DECREASE in the fractional excretion of urea and a DECREASE in the renal clearance of urea from the plasma)
focal areas of fat necrosis, Ca depositiona dn interstitial edema
acute interstitial pancreatitis
chalky white areas interspersed w/ hemorrhage
diseases that cause diarrhea w/ a small inoculum
c. jejuni
shigella
entamoeaba
giardia
requrie high inoculums
salmonella
vibrio
c. perfringens
e. coli
removal of inhaled particles that lodge in the bronchial tree
proximal transport of mucus by CILIATED epithelial cells
xanthomas
hyperlipidemia
present in conjunction w/ family hx of early cardiac death
carcinonid tmors
composed of nests/sheets of uniform cells
eosinophili cytoplasm and oval to round stippled nuclei
*derived from ECL cells of intestinal mucosa
MC location of intestinal carcinonids
ileum
often occur in appendix/rectum
dose limiting SE of vincristine
neurotoxicity
failure of microtubule polymerization in euronal axons
pulmonary fibroiss and flagellate skin discoloration
bleomycin
SE of doxorubicin
CHF
SE of cyclophosphamide
hemorrhagic cystitis
reduced lungn compliance
for a given volume pressure is INCREASED
Nifedipine
peripheral vasodialation> reflex tachycardia
- useful for pts w/ bradycardia
- does not affect AV conduction
Verapamil and diltiazem
CARDIAC Specific
RATE control in a. fib
slow conduction through AV node
Metoprolol
cardioselective beta adrenergic agent
GREATER affinity for B1 receptors> mediate AV nodal conduction> SLOW AV nodal conduction
S4
often heard in OLDER adults d/t age related DECREASE in left ventricular compliance (ventricular hypertorphy following prolonged HTN)
POSTprandial epigastric pain
food aversion/weight loss
generalized atherosclerosis
chronic mesenteric ischemia> *intestinal angina (analogous to STABLE angina, occurs d/t increased myocardial oxygen demand is is relieved w/ rest/nitroglycerin)
Turner syndrome cardiac anomaly
bicuspid aortic valve
MVP
marfan and ED syndromes
block that provides anesthesia to majority of perineum
pudendal nerve
*palpate for the ischial spines
provide complete perineal and genital anesthesia
genitofemoral
ilioinguinal nerves
major determinant of viral tropism for specific tissues of specific hosts
extent to which the viral surface proteins can bind to complementary host cell plasmalemma recetpors
*mutation in viral encoded envelope GLYCOPROTEIN
pathogenesis of Crohns
TH1 that mediate delayed hypersensitivity rxns and GRANULOMA FORMATION
increased TH1> IL-2, IFNy, TNF> intestinal injury
*non caseating granulomas are characteristic of crohns
sudden upward stretching of the arm at hte shoulder
damages lower trunk of BP (C8-T1)>
median and ulnar nerves >
innervate intrinsic muscles of hand
fluid filled cavity in the liver
fevers, chills, RUQ abdominal pain
hepatic abscess
causes hepatic abscesses via hematogenous seeding of the liver
s. aureus
cause hepatic abscesses by ASCENDING the biliary tract
e. coli
klebsiella
enterococci
proto-oncogene
stimulate cell proliferation
ras
n-myc
ERB-B1
ERB-B2
TGFa
sis
abl
proto-oncogenes
BRCA NF1 APC/b catenin DCC p52 RB WT-1
anti0oncogenes
elevated wedge pressure
suggestive of cardiogenic (Hemodynamic) cause of pulmonary edema (pulmonary venous HTN)
ARDS
increased pulmonary capillary permeability> interstitial and alveolar edema nad exudate
elads to DECREAE in lung compliance, INCREASED work of breathing, WORSE V/Q
PCWP is NORMAL
fever
jaundice
anorexia
IV drug user
viral hepatitis (HCV)
acute viral hepatitis
hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis
apoptotic hepatocytes
shrink
nuclear fragmentation
intensely eosinophilic (acidophilic bodies, councilman bodies, apoptotic bodies)
liquefactive necrosis
CNS infarcts
fibrinoid necrosis
inflammation and necrosis of arterial walls in vasculitisq
peptostreptococcus
prevotella
bacteroides
fusobacgterium
ANAEROBIC bacteria
NORMALLY found in ORAL cavity and are most frequent cause of lung ABSCESSES
RF for lung abscesses
conditions increase aspiration risk (alcoholism, drug abuse, seizure disorders, stroke, dementia)
encephalitis that lkes temporal lobe
aphasia
olfactory hallucinations
personality changes
edema and hemorrhagic necrosis of temporal lobes
HSV-1 encephalitis
psychotorpic medication that causes HYPOthyroidism (weight gain, dry skin, hair loss, constipation), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and accumulates in pts w/ renal insufficiency
Li
mediates vascular rxn to endothelial and intimal injury
intimal hyperplasia and fibrosis medaited by reactive SMOOTH MUSCLE cells that migrate from media to INTIMA
