Test 71 Flashcards
46 xx genotype
COMPLETE ROLE
ovum loses its maternal chromosomes and then becomes fertilized by a haploid sperm> duplication of the paternal genetic component> 46 XX
size greater than dates
high BCG levels
synringomyelia
bilateral loss of P/T
HIgh intraplaque activity of what enzyme can predispose a pt to MI?
plaque stability depends on mechanical strenght of overlying fibrous cap
inflam mphages in the intimacan reduce plaque stability by secreting metalloproteinases which degrade collagin!
Ventromedial hypo nuclei
satiety center
regulates food INTAKE
lesion> hyperphagia/aggressive behavior
Lateral nuclei
hunger
lesion> lose desire to eat
decreases LDL
statins
decrease TGs
Fibrates:
gemifibrozil
fenofibrate
increase HDL
Niacin
Common cause of secondary hyperPTH
chronic renal failure
HIGH PTH
low Ca
high phosphate
low calcitriol
calcitriol
increases Ca and pohosphate absorption> chronic renal disease> decreased calcitriol>
decrsaed Ca absorption and increased Ca loss in the urine
presents as gross hematuria in an elderly man
transitional cell carcinoma
RF for developing transitional cell carcinoma
smoking exposure to rubber plastics aromatic amine containing dyes textiles lether
ETEC
produces heat labile (LT, choleragen like) and heat stable (ST) enterotoxins
LT>
actiavte AC>
incrased cAMP
ST> GC> increased cGMP
watery diarrhea
CSF from third to fourth ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
obstrutction foramen of monro
enlargement of lateral ventricle
obstruction of magendie and luschka
enlargement of all 4 ventricles
phase 0 depolarization
inward flux of Ca
transmural ischemia of hte inferior wall of the left ventricle> ST elevation in leads II, III, aVF and sinus node dysfxn
RCA
anteroseptal transmural ischemia
ST elevations in V1-V4
LAD
transmural ischemia of lateral wall of the ventricle w/ ST eleevations in V5, V6 and possibly I and aVL
LCX
Thiopental
short acting barbituate used for induction anesthesia
after equilibration with the brain it rapidly redistributres into skeletal muscles nad adipose tissue
excessive matrix metalloproteinase activity and myofibroblast accumulation in the wound margins
contracture>
deformities of wound and surrounding tissues
*palms, soles, anterior thorax, serious burn sites
35 y/o M
nontender cervical lymphadenopathy
aggregates of packed follicles that obscure normal LN architecture
follicular lymphoa
translocation associated w/ follicular lymphoma
t(14;18)
overexpression of antiapoptotic gene product, BCL-2
BCR-ABL rearrganement t(9;22)
myeloproliferative!!
CML–> constituively active protein tyrosine kinase
overexpresion of n-MYC protooncogene
neuroblastoma
SCC of lung
hydrocephalus
intracranial calcifications
chorioretinitis
congenital toxoplasmosis
small cardiac valvular vegetations on either side of valve resulting in fibrotic valve thickening and deformity
Libman Sacks endocarditis
occurs in up to 25% of pts w/ sLE
tx of choice for uncomplicated malaria
chloroquine
added to chloroquine tx for malaria to tx intrahepatic stages of malarial species
primaquine
p. vivax
p. ovale
diuretic that cuases hyponatremia and hypercalcemia
thiazides
diuretic that causes hypOcalcemia
loops
helpful in early identification of onset of DIC in high risk pts
fibrinogen and platelet count
LOW fibrinogen
thrombocytopenia
