Test 44 Flashcards
invaginations of the sarcolemma that extend into each muscle fiber and transmit depolarization signals to the SR to trigger the release of Ca
T tubules
what is the consequence of having no T tubules?
don’t get coordinated contraction of all myofibrils
MC disorder of porphyrin synthesis
porphyria cutanea tardea
enzyme def in PCT
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
blistering cutaneous photosensitivity
PCT
vit def that can lead to microcytic hypochromic anemia secondary to decreased heme synthase
B6
cofactor for ALA synthase
result from a FAILED obliteration of the omphalomesenteric duct
enterocysts and meckel diverticula
benign tumor composed of blood vessels
smooth muscle
fat
renal angiomyolipoma
bilatera renal angiomyolipomas
brain hamartomas
ash leaf skin patches
in a young woman
tuberous sclerosis
Neurofibroma
optic gliomas
cafe au lai spots
lisch nodules
NF1
bilateral acoutstic neuromas
cataracts
meningiomas
ependyomas
NF2
facial port wine stain
leptomeningeal capillary venous malformation
SWS
facial port wine stain
leptomeningeal capillary venous malformation
SWS
seronegative spondyloarthropathies have a sgrong association w/ what gene?
HLA-B27
codes for MHC I
seronegative spondyloarthropathies have a sgrong association w/ what gene?
HLA-B27
codes for MHC I
crescent formation on light microscopy
RPGN
what are crescents that make up RPGN composed of
FIBRIN in bowmans space> proliferation of parietal cells plasmin proteins (C3b) glomerular parietal cells monocytes macrophages
what are crescents that make up RPGN composed of
FIBRIN in bowmans space> proliferation of parietal cells plasmin proteins (C3b) glomerular parietal cells monocytes macrophages
what does hospice require
prognosis less than 6 months
diphenoxylate
opiate anti-diarrheal related tomepederine
that SLOWS motility
diphenoxylate
loperamide
opiate anti-diarrheals
that SLOWS motility
agonist at u receptor> open K channel> close Ca channel> decreaes synaptic transmission
diphenoxylate
loperamide
opiate anti-diarrheals
that SLOWS motility
agonist at u receptor> open K channel> close Ca channel> decreaes synaptic transmission
best and most reliable ausculatory indicator of the degree of mitral stensois
A2 (aortic valve closure)-Os (opening snap) interval
*OS occurs d/t abrupt tensing of vlalve leaflets as the mitral valve reaches its max diameter during forceful opening
shortened–> more severe stenosis
what viruses are capable of genetic shifts through reassortment?
viruses w/ segmented genomes
segmented viruses
RNA BOAR bunyaviruses orthmyxoviruses (ifluenza) Arenaviruses Reoviruses
most effective tx for HTN and chronic ischemic myocardial failure in a pt w/ hx of CHF
ACE inhibitors
inhibit myocardial remodeling and deterioration of ventricular conractile xn
what is one of hte initial tx recommended for essential HTN in a pt WITHOUT CHF/diabetes
HTZ
ARR
ARR- ER control-ERtreatment
ERtreatment
ERtreatment= number of events in the treatment arm/number of subjects in the treatment arm
culture for neisseria organisms
SELECTIVE media
THayer martin VCN Medium
inhibits growth of gram + and other gram - other than neisseria and fungi
culture for neisseria organisms
SELECTIVE media
THayer martin VCN Medium
inhibits growth of gram + and other gram - other than neisseria and fungi
gall stone ileus
results from the passage of a large gallstone through a cholecystenteric fistula into the small bowel where it can cause obstruction of hte ileocecal valve
Gas is see w/in gallbladder and biliary tree on abdominal x ray d/t presence of fistula and pt has sxs of bowel obstruction
gall stone ileus
how does GI bleeding cause hepatic encephalopathy?
GI bleeding>
increased N delivery to the gut as Hb>
converted to ammonia and absorbed in the blood stream
how does GI bleeding cause hepatic encephalopathy?
GI bleeding>
increased N delivery to the gut as Hb>
converted to ammonia and absorbed in the blood stream
terbinafine
inhibits SQUALENE EPOXIDASE>
inhibits syntehsis of ergosterol
used to tx dermatophytoses
terbinafine
used to tx dermatophytoses
terbinafine
muscle weakness and cramping
hypokalemia
how do thiazide diuretics cuase hypokalemia
DECRASE intravascular voluem> stimulates aldosterone secretion> increased absorption Na> increased excretiong of K and H> HYPOKALEMIA and met ALKALOSIS
toxicity of HTZ
hyperGLUC glycemia lipidemia uricemia calcemia
toxicity of HTZ
hyperGLUC glycemia lipidemia uricemia calcemia
anesthetics w/ LARGE ateriovenous concentration gradients
HIGH tissue solubility> more anesthetic is taken up from blood> lower venous concentraiton>
SLOWER onset of aciton (need to replace what is absorbed from peripheral tissues)
anesthetics w/ LARGE ateriovenous concentration gradients
HIGH tissue solubility> more anesthetic is taken up from blood> lower venous concentraiton>
SLOWER onset of aciton (need to replace what is absorbed from peripheral tissues)
dissolve hte lipid bilayer of hte outer viral envelope
ether
Pseudohypertorphy associated w/ duchennes
fibrofatty replacement of muscle
Pseudohypertorphy associated w/ duchennes
fibrofatty replacement of muscle
diabetic mononeuropathy
involves CN III often
caused by central ischmia> affects somatic nerve fibers but spares peripheral PNS fibers
diabetic mononeuropathy
involves CN III often
caused by central ischmia> affects somatic nerve fibers but spares peripheral PNS fibers
Villous adenomas
**cauliflower like mass in sigmoid colon
tend to be larger, sessile, more severely dysplastic than tubular adnemoas
can cause bleeding,
secretory diarrhea,
partial obstruction
