Test 67 Flashcards
multiple phenotypic manifestations result from a SINGLE gene mutation
PLEIOTROPY
more than two complete sets of homologous chromosomes exist w/in an organism or cells
Polyploidy
alleles that tend to be inherite together b/c they’re lcoated near one another ont eh same strand of DNA
Genetic linkage
progressive dysphagia
tumor gradually obstructs esophageal lumen
SCC
sqaumous cells w/ various degrees of atypia
foci of KERATINIZATION
moldy grains in China
aflatoxin from aspergillus parasiticus
aflatoxin
G:C–> T:A transversion in codon 249 of p53 gene> increased risk for heptaocellular carcinoma
winging of the scapula
inability to abduct shoulder past 90 degrees
mastectomy
recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
ligation inferior thyroid artery
thyroidectomy
anterior dislocation of shoulder joint
axillary
location of clavicular fxs
middle third of clavicle d/t strength of ligamentous structures at end of bone
tumor located in the superior sulcus
pancoast tumor
ipsilateral Horners sndrome
rib destruction
atrophy of hand muscles
pancoast syndrome
SVC syndrome
mediastinal mass that compresses SVC> HA, facial plethora, dilated veins of neck and upper torso
Small Cell
Foot drop
steppage gait
common peroneal injury
superficial peroneal nerve
evert foot
sensory innervation to skin of distal anteriolateral leg and dorsum of foot
holosystolic murmur tha tincreasse in intesnsity during inspiration
tricuspid regurge
RIGHT heart
keratin
epithelial cell origin
carcinomas mesotheiomas thymomas sarcomas tropholastic tumors desmoplastic small round cell tumors
stain positive for keratin
MCC of viral aplastic crisis in pt w/ sickle cell anemia
infection of erythroid progenitor cells
parvo B19
non enveloped ssDNA virus
Parvo B19
AA origin of NO
from arginine by NO synthase
cGMP
relxation of vascular SM cells
oseltamivir
NAI
used in tx and prevention of influenza A and B
Imapirs the release of newly formed VIRIONS from infected host cells
lengthen the cardiac AP > QT prolongation on ECG
LOW risk of TDP and other proarrythmias
Amiodarone
Adenosine
A1 receptors on cardiac cells and activates K channels> hyperpolarization
Digoxin
prolongs AV nodal conduction
main determinant of prognosis for bladder carcinomas
tumor penetration
impaired CFTR transmembrane protein
Resp:
REDUCED luminal Cl secretion
INCREASED Na and water absorption
Sweat glands
reduced salt absortpion> hypertonic seat w/ high chl content
MCC spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage
AV malformations
ruptured cerebral aneurysms
abuse of cociane
associated w/ coarcation of the aorta
heparin
binds and activates antithrombin III
pneumatosis intestinalis (air in bowel wall) assocaited w/ prematurity
necrotizing enterocolitis
useful marker in evaluation of cirrhotic patients at increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma
alpha fetoprotien
CEA (carcinoembryonic Ag)
CRC)
Ca-125
80% of women w/ ovarian cancer
HCG
gestational trophoblastic disease
increases gastric acid secretion and sitmulates parietal cell proliferation> increased parietal cell mass
Gastrin
seen in ZE syndrome
commonly infects B cells
EBV
dx w/ monospot test
