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Test 72 Flashcards

1
Q

Trendelenburg gait

A

when the HIP drops down as the IPSILATERAL foot is lifted off the ground

injury to the OCNTRALATERAL superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1 ventral rami)

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2
Q

injections into WHAT quadrant have a high probability of injuring the superior gluteal nerve>
Trendelenburg gait

A

Superomedial quadant

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3
Q

safest place for dorsogluteal ijections

A

superolateral quadrant of the buttocks

**MOST injections should target the ANTEROLATERAL gluteal area (von Hochstetter triangle) to minage possibility of nerve damage

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4
Q

heart condition that is considered a normal variant in 20-30% of adults

A

Foramen ovale

Any condition that raises RA pressure above left can produce right to left shunt> hypoxemia and paradoxical embolization

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5
Q

what is the most likely cause of SVC syndrome

A

mediastinal mass from the intrathoracic spread of BRONCHIOGENIC CARCINOMA>
compression of SVC>
impaired venous return from upper part of body

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6
Q

dyspnea
facial swelling
dilated collateral veins in upper trunk

A

SVC syndrome

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7
Q

arise at lung APEX
cause SHOULDER pain d/t compression of brachial plexus
HORNERS syndrome from involvement of cervical ganglia

A

Superior sulcus tumors (Pancoast tumors)

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8
Q

Morphine

A

opoid AGONIST
binds to MU opoid receptors

GPCR

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9
Q

Mechanism of Morphine

A 
Morphine>
binds MU>
GPCR>
activation of K channels>
INCREASE in K efflux>
HYPERpolarization of postynaptic neurons and termination of pain transmission
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10
Q

inappropriate laughter
increased appetite
slowed reaction time/motor speed
cognitive impairment

A

Marijuana

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11
Q

2 most immediate physical sxs of marijuana use

A

Tachycardia (FAST)
conjunctival injection

*increaed appetite
dry mouth

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12
Q

opiate intoxication

A

MYOSIS (pinpoint pupils)

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13
Q

Cocaine

intoxication/opoid w/drawal

A

Mydriasis (DILATED)

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14
Q

PCP intoxicatin

A

Nystagmus

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15
Q

Transmission parvo B19

A

Respiratory route

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16
Q

Mild fevere
discrete maculopapular rash that resolves in 3-5 days
occipital and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy

spreads from head to trunk and extremities

A

Rubella (German measles)

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17
Q 
GAS strep infection
Fever
sore throat
diffuse erythematous rash
small papules (sandpaper like)
A

Scarlet fever

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18
Q

affects children 6-15
high fever that lasts 3-5 days that resolves following appearance of maculopapular rash that starts on TRUNK and spreads peripherally

A

roseola infantum

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19
Q

fever
ulcers on tongue/oral mucosa
vesicular rash on palms and soles

A

hand foot and mouth

Cox A

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20
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria

A

AD disorder of heme synthesis

PBG deaminase def

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21
Q 
ACUTE onset:
abdominal pain
neurological manifestations
NO photosensitivity
PORTWINE (reddish) colored urine that darkens on expsoure to light
PBG and ALA in urine
A

AIP

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22
Q

Tx for AIP

A

intravenous glucose or heme to DOWNREGULATE ALA synthase activity

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23
Q

important for preventing acute attacks of AIP

A

Cyp450 inducers (antieleptics, griseofulvin, sulfonamides, rifampin)

alcohol
smomking

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24
Q

Gradual onset of sxs
cresent shaped mass
elder falls

A

SUBdural hematoma

rupture of cortical bridging veins

25
Q

Recurrent sinopulmonary infections
Giardia lamblia gastroenteritis
FTT
low Ig levels

A

X linked aggamaglobulinemia

26
Q

Bruton Tyrosine kinase gene mutation>

failure of BONE Marrow pre B cells to develop into circulating B lymphocytes

A

XLA
LOW CD19>
increased risk for PYOGENIC (encapsulated) bacteria), Giardia (don’t have neutralziaign abs)

27
Q

SE of nitrates

A

HA

facial flushing

28
Q 
benign epidermal tumor
tan to brown
round 
flat
greasy
coin like
STUCK ON
A

Seborrheic keratosis

29
Q

yellowish macule/papule/plaque

often found on eyelid

A

Xanthelesma

*hyperlipidemia

30
Q

benign
pruritic infiltration of the SKIN by MAST cells

SCRATCHING of lesions>
degranulation of mast cells
urticaria
flushing 
syncope
A

mastocytosis

31
Q

polygonal
planar
pruritic
purplish

Wickham’s striae on plaque surface

A

Lichen planus

32
Q

thick
scaly
discoid plaques taht erupt on unexposed scin> scarring

A

Discoid lupus erythematousus

33
Q

seizure that involves ONE area of the body

34
Q

simple seizure

A

NO aimpairment of conscoius ness after event

35
Q

complex seizure

36
Q

tx for simple and complex partial seizures

A

carbamazepine

37
Q

MOA of carbamazepine

A

blocks VG Na channels in CORTICAL neurons>
INACTIVATES>
decreases abnormal AP

38
Q

adverse effects of Carbamazepine

A

Bone marrow suppression> agranulocytosis (monitor CBC regularly)

hepatotoxic

increase in ADH> SIADH

39
Q

Blocks T type Ca channels>

decreased Ca current in THALAMIC neurons

A

Ethosuximide

40
Q

Bilateral acoustic neuromas

A

AD

NF2 gene on chrom 22

41
Q 
Neurofibromin
chrom 17
cafe au lait spots
multiple neurofibromas
lisch nodules
42
Q

mutation APC

43
Q

mutation RB1 TSG

A

osteosarcoma

retinoblastoma

44
Q

mutation of VHL on chrom 3

A

Von Hippel Lindau disease

renal cysts
RCC
hemangioblastomas of cerebellum and retina

45
Q

how do ACE inhibitors cause ACUTE rise in serum Cr and can lead to acute renal failure

A

BLOCK Angiotensin mediated eff arteriole vasonconstriction>
dilated>
reduced renal filtration fraction

46
Q

histone 1

A

OUTSIDE nucleosomem core

helps to package nucleosomes int omore COMPACT structures by binding and linking DNA

47
Q

toxins of C. DIFF

A 
toxin A (enterotoxin)
toxin B (cytotoxin)

inactivate RHO regulatory proteins involved in ACTIN CYTOSKELETON maintenance>
disruption of INTRACELLUALR TIGHT JUNCTIONS> apoptosis

48
Q

ST elevation and subsequent Q wave formation

A

Acute transmural MI

49
Q

MCC of acute transmural MI

A

fully OBSTRUCTIVE thrombus superimposed on a ruptrue datherosclerotic coronary artery plaque

50
Q

lesser occlusion by thrombus superimposed on acute plaque

A

unstable angina

51
Q

stable stheromatous lesion w/out overlying thrombus but obstructing > 75 of coroanry artery lumen

A

stable angina

52
Q

acute plaque chagne leading to acute myocardial ischemia>

A

precipitate v. fib

53
Q

MCC of death in MI pts during prehospital phase

A

Cardiac arrythmia

54
Q

MCC of death during hte IN hospital phase

A

ventricular failure

55
Q

aschoff bodies

A

Acute rheumatic carditis

interstitial myocardial granulomas

(contain plump mphages w/ abundant cytoplasm and central round-ovoid nuclei w/ central slender ribbons of chromatin)

56
Q

lymphcytic interstitial inflammatory infiltrate w/ focal necrosis of myocytes

A

viral myocarditis

57
Q

recent travel to Latin america

distension of individual myofibers w/ intracellular trypansomes

A

Chagas disease

58
Q

pleomorphic interstitial infiltrate of mphages w//out distinct aschoff body type granulomas

A

diptehritic myocarditis

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