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Step 1 > Test 90 > Flashcards

Test 90 Flashcards

1
Q

suspected in pts who are competitive atheletes and present w/ ERYTHROCytOSIS, abnormal testicular size, fxn, hepatic abnormalities, acne

A

Steroid abuse

androgens stimulate RBC production

decrease goandotropin secretion

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2
Q

what do takayasu arteritis and temporal arteritis have in common

A

takayasu- aorta

temporal- distal carotid artery branch

both have GRANULOMATOUS INFLAMMATION of the media

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3
Q

leukocytic vasculitis

A

segmental FIBRINOID necrosis of SMALL VESSELS (microscopic polyangiitis, microscopic polyarteritis, hypersensitivity)

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4
Q

PAN

A

segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation of medium to small sized vessels (IC vasculitis)

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5
Q

THromboangiitis obliterans

A

Buergers

THROMBOsING of medium and small sized arteries (tibial and radial)

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6
Q

RA

A

hypersensitivity vasculitis affecting arterioles and arteries> visceral infarctions

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7
Q

Acute renal allograft rejection

A

Ab OR Cell mediated

diffuse LYMPHOCYTIC infiltrate of the RENAL vasculature, tubules and interstitium

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8
Q

protooncogene that facilitates GROWTH of adneomas by cuasing uncontrolled cell proliferation

A

K-ras

LOSE APC>
colon at risk>
KRAS>
adenoma>
p53, DCC (malig transformation)>
carcinoma
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9
Q

mother w/ low grade fever, maculopapular rash, cephalocaudal progression, POSTERIOR AURICULAR LYMPHADENOAPTHY, and polyarthralgia

A

Maternal tubella

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10
Q

Congenital rubella

A

sensorineural deafness
cataracts
PDA

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11
Q

inhibits mycolic acid syntehsis in mycobacterial cells and is SPECIFIC to mycobacteria

A

Isoniazid (chemically related to B6)

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12
Q

long brnached chain of saturated FA used in mycobacterial cell wall and in formation of virulence factors

A

Myoclic acid syntehsis

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13
Q

Transmission of TB

A

Aerosolized in respiratory secretion>
smaller droplets deposit organisms in the alveoli of hter LOWER lung field>
organisms are engulfed by alveolar MPHAGES that allow for intracellular prliferation

eventually Ag carrying mphages/DC migrate to the LN and induce a helper T cell response

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14
Q

Ethambutol

A

EYEthambutol

optic neuritis> color blindness, central scotoma, decraesed visual acuity

reversible w/ discontinuation of drug

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15
Q

monitored in pts on chloramphenicol, dapsone or TMPSMX

A

CBC

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16
Q

aminoglycosides

ampho B

A

Renal function

amino= tubular necrosis

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17
Q

rifampin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide

A

hepatic function

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18
Q

ssRNA virus w/ BULLET shaped capsule

studded by glycoprotein spikes that BIND to NICOTINIC ACh receptors

A

RAbies

once deposited in a wound it stays local for asome weeks than moves retrograde to the CNS

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19
Q

CMV

A

cellular integrins

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20
Q

EBV

A

CD21

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21
Q

HIV

A

CD4

CXCR4/CCR5

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22
Q

Rhinovirus

A

ICAM1

CD54

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23
Q

used to tx DVT in pregnant women

A

heparin

increases antithrombin II activity

warfarin is teratogenic

24
Q

Aspirin

A

suppresses syntehsis of TXA2> prevents platelet agg

tx/prevent: MI
ischemic strokes

25
Q

best long term anticoagulant for tx of DVT

26
Q

Clopidogrel

A

inhibits ADP mediated platelet agg

CAD
PVD
cerebrovascular disease

27
Q

tPA

A

thromboytic

STEMI
ischemic stroke

28
Q

contralateral homonymous hemianopia w/ macular sparing

A

PCA

supplies CN III and IV

29
Q

Type B chronic gastritis

A

affects the gastric ANTRUM and is usually d/t H. puylori infection of hte gastric mucosa

30
Q

Cancers associated w/ Type B chronic gastritis

A

gastric adenocarcinoma

MALT lymphoma

31
Q

type A chronic gastritis

A

AUTOIMMUNE

affects the BODY of hte sotmach instead of the ANTRUM

autoimmune destruction of parietal cells> decreased IF and decreased B12 absorption

32
Q

Pro-carcinogens

A

metabolized by cyt p450 MONOXYGENASE in hepatic microsomes and ER of other tissues

metabolizes steroids, alcohol, toxins, and other foreign substances

also converts pro-carcinogens> carcinogens> ause mutations in human DNA

33
Q

Glucuronide transferase

A

converts bilirubin to soluble bilirubin in the hepatocytes

34
Q

can occur secondary to underlying malignant tumors, infections and certain medications

diffuse increased THICKNESS of GBM and cappilary wall and SPIKE and DOME appearaance on silver stain

A

membranous glomerulopathy

NO hypercellularity

35
Q

large hypercellular glomeruli and diffuse thickening of capillary wall

A

membranoprolifferative

36
Q

Anticentromere abs

37
Q

Anti-DNA topoisomerase I

A

systemic sclerosis (Scl-70)

38
Q

Anti-dsDNA

39
Q

Anti-histone

40
Q

anti-phospholiipid

A

SLE

antiphospholpid syndrome

41
Q

inflammatory skin disorder
triggered by environemnt (foods/irritant)

pts present by age 5

manivfests as LICHENIFICATION on flexure surface in older children

A

Atopic dermatitis

mut in proteins like filaggrin> impairment of skins barrier to fxn> increased immunological exposure> immune hypersensitivity

at risk for developing allergic rhinitis and asthma

42
Q

high serum levels of IgE and eosinophilia

high levels of cAMP in leukocytes

A

atopic dermatitis

43
Q

dermatitis hepetiformis

A

4-5th decade of life
uncommon in children

clusters of pruritic vesicles and plaques on buttocks and extensor surfaces

44
Q

Acute hemolytic transfusion rxn

min to hrs

A

Ab mediated type II hypersensitivity rxn caused by PREexisting anti-ABO abs that BIND Ags on donor RBC

subsequent COMPLEMENT activation> RBC lysis, vasodilation, sxs of shock

fever
hypotension
chest/back bain
hemoglobinuria

45
Q

TNFa

A

produced by macrophages in response to bacgterial ENDOTOXIN> sxs of septic shock

46
Q

failure of prolonged Pt to correct w/ vit K

A

indicates liver disease

47
Q

SYNAPTOPHYSIN

A

protein found in PREsynaptic vesicles of NEURONS, Neuroendocrine/neuroectodermal cells

CNS tumors of this orgigin stain positive for synaptophysin

48
Q

neoplasms of glial origin

A

GFAP

astrocytomas
ependymomas
oligodendrogliomas

49
Q

fibrocalcific parietal pleural plaques in teh posetrolateral mid lung zones and over the diaphragm

A

asbestosis

50
Q

nodular densities and eggshell calcifications of hilar nodes

51
Q

nodular infiltrates
enlarged LN
non-caseating granulomas

A

berylliosis

52
Q

coal macules

A

upper lung zones

multiple discrete nodules

53
Q

Length constant

A

measure of how far along an axon an electrical impulse can propagate

myelination INCREASES the lenght constant and decreases the time constant> both improve axonal dconduction speed

54
Q

threshold

A

membrane potential required to initiate AP

55
Q

Summation

A

additive effects of multiple post-synaptic potentials on a target neurons membrane potental

56
Q

temporal summation

A

sequential impulses from same neuron over time

spatial–simulataneous impusles from several different neurons

57
Q

time constant

A

timeit takes for change in MP to achieve new value

myelination DECREASES membrane capacitance> REDUCES time constant

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