Test 86 Flashcards
polysaccharide capsule that inhibits phagocytosis my phages and neutrophils
HiB
Strep pneumo
Easy fatigability constipation back pain azotemia in ELDERLY person
Multiple myeloma
large eosinophilic casts seen on biopsy
Bence Jones proteins!! of MM
compress and obstruct tubular lumens and imepede renal function
directly toxic to tubular epithelial cells and cause atrophy
muddy brown granular epithelial casts along with free tubular epithelial cellls
ischemic tubular necrosis
blood is MUDDY
pyuria and white casts
acute pyelonephritis
sterile pyuria and hx of exposure to offending drug
hypersensitivity interstitial nephritis
NSAID damage to kideny
papillary necrosis and interstitial nephritis
Aminoglycoside toxicity in the kidney
accumulate in renal cortex> acute tubular necrosis
pathological S3 heart sound in older adtuls
LV systolic failure or restrictive cardiomyoaphy
excentuate S3 heart sound
lie in left lateral decubitus position
fullly exhale
first aortic arch
maxillary artery Maximal
second aortic arch
hyoid artery
stapedial artery
SECOND= stapedial
Third AA
Common Carotid (C is the THIRD letter of the alphabet) proximal internal carotid artery
Fourth AA
Left> aortic arch
Right> proximal right sublcavian
4 limbs…systemic?
Sixth AA
Proximal pulmonary arteries
Left DA
PULMONARY and hte pulmonary to systemic shunt
why do NSAIDS mess with Furosemide
Furosemide beside inhibiting NaKCl transporters also STIMULATES PG release which causes vasodilationa nd increases renal blood flow.
using NSAIDS w/ loop diuretics leads to a decreased diuretic response
endothelin
potent vasoconstrictor
Ang II
vasoconstirction
aldosterone releases
LOW BV
ANP
BNP
vasodilation
diuresis
(heart secretes when its full)
Bradykinin
think pain….
pain
vasodilation
increased vascular permeability
most likely outcome for a pt acutely infected w/ HCV
Stable chronic hepatitis
coag NEGATIVE staph that causes foreign body infections by using biofilms (synthesis of an extracellular matrix)
s. epidermidis
major pathogen in burn pt tx
Pseudomonas
Icarcillin, pipderacillin
ceftazidime, cefepim
cipro,levo
imipenem, meropenem
slow growing well circumscribed brain tumor in adult
PSAMMOMA bodies
Meningioma
round esoinophilic sturctures!! PINK EGGS
Necrosis
hemorrhage
PALISADING tumor cells
GBM
tumor cells w/ fried egg appearance
oligodendroglioma
Anxiolytic
anticonvulsant
muscle relaxant effects
sedative….
BENZOS
increase hte FREQUENCy of CNS GABA
prescribed for insomnia
increase the DURATION of hte GABA
Barbs
can be prescribed for insomnia in pt w/ depression
TCA (inhibit Ne and 5HT uptake)
best heard as pt leans forward and at end of epiration
aortic regurge
arises from C3-5 of spinal cord and innervates ipsilateral hemidiaphram
cancer can irritate and cause hiccups
phrenic
diffuse medium sized lymphocytes and a high proliferation inde represented by Ki67 fraction
Burkitt lymphoma
EBV origin (EBV accounts for 50% of systemic B cell lymphomas and almost ALL primary CNS lymphomas in HIV infection)
Missionarry from mexico w/ spotty hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration
Mexico…think hepatitis
diffuse swelling (ballooning degeneration)
bridging necrosis
mononucleuar inflammation
fever and dark red urine
Hepatitis
prolonged pruritis and fatigue
primary sclerosing cholangitis
skin pigmentation and diabetes
hemochromatosis
integrin mediated adhesion of cells to BM and ECM requires…
binding of integrins to FIBRONECTIN, collagen, lamin
Raloxifene
SERM
binds to estrogen receptors and has tissue specific behavior
in bone estrogen agoinist effects predominate and osteporosis is inhibited
in mammary tissue: estrogen antagnostist effects of raloxifene predominate
Alendronate
bone resorption inhibitor
0-4 hrs
minimal change
4-12
early coag necrosis
edema
hemorrhage w/ wavy fibers
12-24
coag necrosis
maginal CONRACTIOn band necrosis
1-5 d
coag necrosis
NEUTROPHILIC infiltrate
5-10 d
Mphage phagocytosis of dead cells
completed by day 10 when accumulated mphages are replaced by granulation tissue
10-14 days
granulation tissue and neovascularization
2 wks -2 mos
collagen deposition and scar
Earliest lesion of atherosclerosis
present in all individuals after age 10
composed of lipid filled foam cells
Fatty streaks
can progress to atherosclerotic plaques later in lfie
new group of antifungals that inhibit synthesis of polysaccharide glucan
echinocandins
type of kidney stones associated w/ stones
oxalate kidney stones
impaired bile acid absorption in the terminal ileum> LOSS of bile acids in the feces and subsequent malabsorption (lipids bind Ca ions and soap complex is excreted
