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Step 1 > Test 86 > Flashcards

Test 86 Flashcards

1
Q

polysaccharide capsule that inhibits phagocytosis my phages and neutrophils

A

HiB

Strep pneumo

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2
Q 
Easy fatigability
constipation
back pain
azotemia 
in ELDERLY person
A

Multiple myeloma

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3
Q

large eosinophilic casts seen on biopsy

A

Bence Jones proteins!! of MM

compress and obstruct tubular lumens and imepede renal function

directly toxic to tubular epithelial cells and cause atrophy

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4
Q

muddy brown granular epithelial casts along with free tubular epithelial cellls

A

ischemic tubular necrosis

blood is MUDDY

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5
Q

pyuria and white casts

A

acute pyelonephritis

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6
Q

sterile pyuria and hx of exposure to offending drug

A

hypersensitivity interstitial nephritis

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7
Q

NSAID damage to kideny

A

papillary necrosis and interstitial nephritis

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8
Q

Aminoglycoside toxicity in the kidney

A

accumulate in renal cortex> acute tubular necrosis

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9
Q

pathological S3 heart sound in older adtuls

A

LV systolic failure or restrictive cardiomyoaphy

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10
Q

excentuate S3 heart sound

A

lie in left lateral decubitus position

fullly exhale

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11
Q

first aortic arch

A

maxillary artery Maximal

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12
Q

second aortic arch

A

hyoid artery
stapedial artery

SECOND= stapedial

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13
Q

Third AA

A 
Common Carotid (C is the THIRD letter of the alphabet)
proximal internal carotid artery
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14
Q

Fourth AA

A

Left> aortic arch
Right> proximal right sublcavian

4 limbs…systemic?

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15
Q

Sixth AA

A

Proximal pulmonary arteries

Left DA

PULMONARY and hte pulmonary to systemic shunt

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16
Q

why do NSAIDS mess with Furosemide

A

Furosemide beside inhibiting NaKCl transporters also STIMULATES PG release which causes vasodilationa nd increases renal blood flow.

using NSAIDS w/ loop diuretics leads to a decreased diuretic response

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17
Q

endothelin

A

potent vasoconstrictor

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18
Q

Ang II

A

vasoconstirction
aldosterone releases

LOW BV

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19
Q

ANP

BNP

A

vasodilation
diuresis

(heart secretes when its full)

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20
Q

Bradykinin

A

think pain….

pain
vasodilation
increased vascular permeability

21
Q

most likely outcome for a pt acutely infected w/ HCV

A

Stable chronic hepatitis

22
Q

coag NEGATIVE staph that causes foreign body infections by using biofilms (synthesis of an extracellular matrix)

A

s. epidermidis

23
Q

major pathogen in burn pt tx

A

Pseudomonas

Icarcillin, pipderacillin

ceftazidime, cefepim

cipro,levo

imipenem, meropenem

24
Q

slow growing well circumscribed brain tumor in adult

PSAMMOMA bodies

A

Meningioma

round esoinophilic sturctures!! PINK EGGS

25
Q

Necrosis
hemorrhage
PALISADING tumor cells

A

GBM

26
Q

tumor cells w/ fried egg appearance

A

oligodendroglioma

27
Q

Anxiolytic
anticonvulsant
muscle relaxant effects
sedative….

A

BENZOS
increase hte FREQUENCy of CNS GABA

prescribed for insomnia

28
Q

increase the DURATION of hte GABA

A

Barbs

29
Q

can be prescribed for insomnia in pt w/ depression

A

TCA (inhibit Ne and 5HT uptake)

30
Q

best heard as pt leans forward and at end of epiration

A

aortic regurge

31
Q

arises from C3-5 of spinal cord and innervates ipsilateral hemidiaphram

cancer can irritate and cause hiccups

A

phrenic

32
Q

diffuse medium sized lymphocytes and a high proliferation inde represented by Ki67 fraction

A

Burkitt lymphoma

EBV origin (EBV accounts for 50% of systemic B cell lymphomas and almost ALL primary CNS lymphomas in HIV infection)

33
Q

Missionarry from mexico w/ spotty hepatocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration

A

Mexico…think hepatitis

34
Q

diffuse swelling (ballooning degeneration)
bridging necrosis
mononucleuar inflammation

fever and dark red urine

A

Hepatitis

35
Q

prolonged pruritis and fatigue

A

primary sclerosing cholangitis

36
Q

skin pigmentation and diabetes

A

hemochromatosis

37
Q

integrin mediated adhesion of cells to BM and ECM requires…

A

binding of integrins to FIBRONECTIN, collagen, lamin

38
Q

Raloxifene

A

SERM

binds to estrogen receptors and has tissue specific behavior

in bone estrogen agoinist effects predominate and osteporosis is inhibited

in mammary tissue: estrogen antagnostist effects of raloxifene predominate

39
Q

Alendronate

A

bone resorption inhibitor

40
Q

0-4 hrs

A

minimal change

41
Q

4-12

A

early coag necrosis
edema
hemorrhage w/ wavy fibers

42
Q

12-24

A

coag necrosis

maginal CONRACTIOn band necrosis

43
Q

1-5 d

A

coag necrosis

NEUTROPHILIC infiltrate

44
Q

5-10 d

A

Mphage phagocytosis of dead cells

completed by day 10 when accumulated mphages are replaced by granulation tissue

45
Q

10-14 days

A

granulation tissue and neovascularization

46
Q

2 wks -2 mos

A

collagen deposition and scar

47
Q

Earliest lesion of atherosclerosis
present in all individuals after age 10
composed of lipid filled foam cells

A

Fatty streaks

can progress to atherosclerotic plaques later in lfie

48
Q

new group of antifungals that inhibit synthesis of polysaccharide glucan

A

echinocandins

49
Q

type of kidney stones associated w/ stones

A

oxalate kidney stones

impaired bile acid absorption in the terminal ileum> LOSS of bile acids in the feces and subsequent malabsorption (lipids bind Ca ions and soap complex is excreted

Step 1 (69 decks)

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