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Step 1 > Test 40 > Flashcards

Test 40 Flashcards

1
Q

mucopurulent cervicitis w/ cervical motiontenderness is indicator of PID

A

caused by N/C

can lead to ectopic preg/infertility

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2
Q

dysfunctional uterine bleeding and elevated estrogen

A

endometrial hyperplasia

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3
Q

vaginal bleeding and fundal size greater than dates

A

hydatiform mole

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4
Q

diarrhea caused by celiacs can lead to

A

vit D def

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5
Q

Vit D def

A

low Ca
increased PTH
decreased phosphorus

*neither Ca of PO4 can be absorbed

bone pain
muscle weakness

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6
Q

NPV

A

probability of beig free of a disease if test is negative

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7
Q

small circular DNA molecules that resemble bacterial chromomsome

code for proteins
tRNA
rRNA

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

reverse T3

A

ianctive form of thyroid hormone generated from peripheral conversion of T4

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9
Q

Turners inheritance

A

complete/partial loss of X chrom

paternal meiotic nondisjunction

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10
Q

short stature in turners

A

missing SHOX gene>

short stature

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11
Q

hypogonadism
anosmia
delayed puberty

A

kallmann syndrome

absence of GnRH secretory neurons in hypothalamus d/t defective migration from olfactory polacode

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12
Q

medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
pheochromocytoma
oral/intestinal mucosal neuromas
marfinoid habitus

A

men 2B

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13
Q

neuoromas

A

small flesh colored nodules on lips and tongue

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14
Q

somatostatin

A

decreases gastrin secretion
decreases pancreatic fluid secretion
decreasess gall bladder contraction
decreaes insulin/glucagon reelase

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15
Q

responsible for biliary stones in pts w/ somatostatinoma

A

reduced GB contraction

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16
Q

scrotum lacking palpable testes and bilateral inguinal masses
secodnary sex characteristics well developed
no impairment in sex drive
low sperm count

A

cryptochordism

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17
Q 
atrophic STs (sertoli cells)>
decreased sperm count/inhibin levels

leydig cells not impaired> secondary sex normal

A

cryptorchidism

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18
Q

primary amenorrhea
secondary sex characteristics>
imperforate hymen or MD abnormality

cyclic abdominalk pain, hematocolpos (vagina fills w/ blood)

A

imperforate hymen

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19
Q

hypersecreting adrenal tumor w/ functionality of outer layer

A

increased aldosterone (Conn syndrome)

increased Na, decreased K

Paresthesia and muscle weakness

20
Q

weight gain and easy bruising

A

cortisol

21
Q

excessive hairg growth

A

androen excess

22
Q

sweating and temulous nesss

A

excess catecholamines

23
Q

diarrhea nd flushing

A

carcinomid syndrome

24
Q

K levels in pt w/ DKA

A

normal to increased d/t shift of K OUT of cells
but total K deficit (decreased intracellular level)

*must replace K in these pts

25
Q

canagliflozin

dapagliflozin

A

SGLT2 inhibiotrs

26
Q

block reabsorption of glucose in PCT

A

SGLT2 inhibitors

27
Q

what should be monitored before and afer starting thearpy w/ SGLT2 inhibitors

A

serum creatinine

28
Q

becomes apparent when serum Ca are less than 7

A

neuromuscular hyperexcitablity

29
Q

common cause of hypocalcemia

A

primary hypoparathyroidism d/t loss of parathyroid tissue during thyroidectomy

30
Q

drugs assocaited w/ medication induced body fat redistribution syndrome

A

HIV-1 proteases

glucocorticoids

31
Q

tamoxifen

raloxifene

A

SERMS

32
Q

used for tx of osteoporosis and breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen–> increases estrogen in bone and uterus but decreases estrogen in breast

33
Q

ER antagonist associated w/ increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic disease

A

Tamoxifen

agonizes uterus

34
Q

insulin mediated glucose uptake

A

skeletal muscle

adipocytes w/ glut 4

35
Q

best option for post meal hyperglycemia

A

lispro
aspart
glulisine

36
Q

best basal long acting insulins

A

glargine and detemir (once a day)

37
Q

best tx for gestational diabetes in pts whom diet and light exercise wono’t conrol BS levels

A

insulin

38
Q

anorexia related amenorhea

A

begins in hypothalamus NOT pit or ovaries

loss of pulsatile secretion of GnRH from hypo

39
Q

LH stimulates these cells to produce androgens

A

theca interna

40
Q

where are androgens converted to estradiol

A

FSH stimulation converts androgens to estradiol in Granulosa cells

41
Q

how does chronic kidney disease lead to low vitamin D

A

conversion of 25 OH to 1,25 OH is impaired

42
Q

first hydroxylation step cholecalciferol to 25 hydrocholecalciferol occurs hwere?

A

liver

43
Q

mononucleur parenchymal infiltrate w/ well developed germ centers

A

hasimotos

44
Q

branching papillary structures w/ concentric calcifications (psammoma bodies)

A

papillary thyroid cacncer

45
Q

mixed cellular infiltrate w/ MNGC

A

de quervians thyroiditis

46
Q

extensive fibrosis of thyroid gland

A

riedels

47
Q

infiltrative dermopathy and exopthalmos

caused by AR against thyrotropin receptor that leads to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in affected tissues

A

Grave disease

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