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Step 1 > Test 26 > Flashcards

Test 26 Flashcards

1
Q

Swallow and swish agent that treats oropharyngeal candidiasis in pts w/ advanced immunodeficiency

A

Nystatin

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2
Q

drug that binds ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane leading to the formation of PORES and leakage of fungal cell contents

A

Nystatin (same as amphotericin B–SYSTEMIC MYCOSES, administered IV, never used for simple mucocutaneous infections d/t toxic SE)

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3
Q

Antiviral drug effective aginst HSV1/2 and VZV

A

Acyclovir

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4
Q

Nucleoside analog that is converted into acyclo GTP in infected cells which INHIBITS viral DNA polymerase

A

Acyclovir

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5
Q

Inhibits fungal cell mitosis at METAPHASE

A

Griseofulvin

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6
Q

Used for dermatophytes (tinea, ringworm)

A

griseofulvin

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7
Q

Inhibits fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase

A

Terbinafine

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8
Q

antifungal that acccumulates in the skin, nails and adipose and is used to treat dermatophytes (especially fungal infections of the finger/toe nails)

A

Terbinafine

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9
Q

Glomerulonephritis
photosensitivie skin rash
arthralgias

A

SLE

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10
Q

why can pts with SLE have a paradoxical aPTT prolongation and a FALSE positive RPR/VDRL?

A

Antiphospholipid Abs (commonly seen w/ SLE in 10-30% of pts)

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11
Q

These pts often have a history of thrombosis and spontaenous abortion

A

anticardiolipin antibodies

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12
Q

used to test the association between 2 categorical variables

A

chi squared test

CHI-tegorical: often looks at percentages or proportions

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13
Q

compares two group means

A

two sample t test

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14
Q

compares differences between means of 3 or more groups

A

ANOVA

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15
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

gardnerella

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16
Q

trochomoniasis

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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17
Q

syphillis

A

treponema pallidum

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18
Q

genital herpes

A

HSV

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19
Q

chronic, localized infection of firm dome shaped, umbilicated papules on the skin

A

molluscum contagiosum

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20
Q

cause of PID leading to ectopic pregnancy

A

N. gonn

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21
Q

population that commonly has B12 deficiency

A

elderly w/ chronic anemia

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22
Q

how do you tx an elderly person w/ chronic anemia?

A

B12 parenteral administration

23
Q

Type III rxn to nonhuman proteins (rituximab, infliximab, venom antitoxins) characterized by vasculitis d/t tissue deposition of circulating immune complexes

A

Serum sickness

24
Q

Fever
pruritis skin rash
arthralgias
low serum C3 C4

A

Serum sickness

25
Q

Serum sickness

A

IC disease in which Abs to foreign proteins are produced (takes 5 days). IC form and are deposited in membranes where htey fix complement and lead to tissue damage.

26
Q

Mainstay therapy for acute mania

A

mood stabilizing agent:
Li
valproate
carbamazepine + an atypical antipsychotic (olanzapine)

effective in 60% of pts

27
Q

Lorazepama nd chlordizepoxide

A

Mediuma nd long half life benzodiazepines

28
Q

Paroxetine

A

SSRI–inhibits 5HT reuptake

flashbacks )(fuloxetine)
PARALYZE
senior (sertriline) citizens (citalopram)

29
Q

Buproprion

A

Mixed DA/NE reuptake inhibiotr

Depressiona dn smoking addiction

30
Q

What does PCR require?

A

primers that are complementary to regions of DNA flanking segment to be amplified

31
Q

when is a cricothyrotomy indicated

A

when emergency airway is required/orotracheal/nasotracheal intubation has fialed or is contraindicated

32
Q

Cricothyrotomy requires incision through which structures?

A
  1. Skin
  2. superficial cervical fascia
  3. investing petracheal fascia
  4. cricothyroid membrane
33
Q

what carries the most highly oxygenated blood in the fetus?

A

umbilical vein (empties directly into IVC via DUCTUS VENOSUS)

34
Q

What causes hypoxia induced lactic acidosis

A

low acitivity of PDH (phosphorylation pathway) and high LDH activity

35
Q

pyruvate kinase

A

converts PEP to pyruvate

36
Q

enolase

A

converts 2 phosphoglycerate to PEP

37
Q

these two bacteria secrete toxins that act by ribosylating and inactivating EF-2>
inhibits host cell protein synthesis>
cell death

A

Diptheria toxin

pseudomonal exotoin A

38
Q

double vision, ptosis, difficulty swallowing, nausea, dry mouth after eating “ethnic food”

A

BOTULINUM TOXIN

inhibits cholinergic nerves

39
Q

blocks the presynaptic exocytosis of ACH

A

botulinum toxin

40
Q

prevent the degradation of ACh in the synaptic cleft

A

organophosphates

41
Q

cyclic breathing in which apnea is followed by gradually inceasing tidal volumes then gradually decreasing tidal volumes in next apneic period

A

Cheyne strokes respirations

Cycles of hyperventilation and apnea

42
Q

What type of respirations are seen w/ advanced heart failure?

A

cheyne stokes

43
Q

Deletion/insertion of a single nucleotide

A

causes a fRAMESHIFT mutation> production of entirely different protein

44
Q

Fatigue, conjunctiva pallor, dysphagia, disfigured nails (spoon nails)

A

IDA

dysphagia is caused by formation of esophageal webs

45
Q

What does NADPH oxidase help kill

A

microbes w/in neutrophil and macrophage phagolysosomes

46
Q

Pts w/ CGD (defective NADPH oxidase) develop recurrent bacterial and fungal ifnections caused by what 5 organisms?

A

5 catalse +:
CATS Need PLACESS to hide

Nocardia
Pseudomonas
Listeria
Aspergillus
Candida
Cepacia (burkholderia)
E. Coli
Staph. Aureus
Serratia
47
Q

Why do we give the H. influenzae vaccine

A

reduces incidence of meningitis, pneumonia, epitlottis

haEMOPhilius:
Epiglottis
Meningitis
Otitsi media
Pneumonia
48
Q

Normal tracheal PO2 and normal alveolar pO2

A

tracheal- 150

alveolar- 104

49
Q

Diffusion limited sates

A

emphysema
pulmonary fibrosis

exercise> high pulmonary blood flow

50
Q

Common SE of streptokinase

A

hemorrhage

51
Q

thrombolytic agent taht converts plasminogen to plasmin

A

Streptokinase

52
Q

how do you treat hypovolemic shock?

A

Identify/eliminate source of bleeding

Rapid infusion of blood products and normal saline

53
Q

How does IV fluid affect CO?

A

increases preload leading to increased ventricular myocardial sarcomere length> increased SV and CO

54
Q

In the final step of insulin syntehsis, teh pancreatic beta cell cleaves away a portion of the proinsulin polpypeptide chain forming insulin. What happens to the removed prtion?

A

The C peptide is formed from proinsulin in the GA and packaged along w/ insulin in islet cell secretory granuloes and secreted in equimolar concentrations w/ insulin

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