Test 53 Flashcards
prior to fertilization secondary oocytes are arrested in…
Metaphase of Meiosis II
cause of froth/foamy urine
proteinuria
heavy proteinuria seen in nephrotic syndrome can cause interstitial edema d/t decraese in serum albumin and total protein concentrations lower hte hplasma oncotic P
branch of the maxillary artery that enters the skull at hte foramen spinosum
MMA
pterion
bone is thin in this region and the MMA courses w/in the skull deep to this point> epidural hematoma
why do epidural hematomas require prompt treatment
lead to transtentorial herniation and palsy of CNIII
hilar adenopahty
pulmonary disease
non caseating granulomas (diff from TB)
SArcoidosis
what statin combinatoin increases the risk of myopathy in pts being treated for hyperlipidemia
statin + fibrates
GEmofibrozil increases the concentration of most statins > increased risk for myopathy
used to tx insomnia in pts employed in mission-critical positions, short half life minimizes undesirable day time SE
Triazolam
lorazepam
intermediate
diazepam
flurazepam
chlordiazepoxide
long
forms most of the diaphragmatic surface of the heart
inferior wall of left ventricle
supplies the inferior wall of left ventricle
posterior descending artery (most ppl derived from RCA)
supplies anterior 2/3 of IV septum and anterior wall of left ventricle
LAD coronary artery
supplies lateral and posterior superior walls of left ventricle
left circumflex
gives rise to LAD and left circumflex
left main coronary artery
acute marginal branches
arise from the RCA to suply teh wall of the right ventricle
initiates acute inflammation of the GB 90% of the time
acute calculous cholecysistitis
has 5’-3’ exonuclease activity and 5’ to 3’ polyermase and 3’-5’ exonnuclease activites
DNA pol 1
*5’-3’ used to remove the RNA primer and damaged DNA
tx for DKA
iv hydration
normal saline and insulin
primary FV of s. pneuonia
polysaccharide capsule that inhibits phagocytosis
fever
cough
consolidation on chest xray
pneumonia
gram + diplococci that have alpha hemolysis on blood agar (green colonies)
bile soluble
optochin sensitive
s. pneumonia
bacterial organism destroyed by placement in hypotonic solution
damage to peptidoglycan cell wall by antibiotic against cell wall synthesis
peripheral edema
significant progeinuria
IgG4 Abs to phospholipase a2 receptor in podocytes
idiopathic membranous nephropahty
abnormal T cell production of glomerular permeability factor> fusion of foot processes
minimal change disease
abnormal T cell production of glomerular permeability factor> fusion of foot processes
minimal change disease
Combined T and B cell dysfxn severe bacterial and viral infections candidiasis persistent diarrhea FTT
absent T cells and hypogammaglobulinemia
SCID
*thymic shadow not present d/t severe T cell def
chronic diarrhea
mucocutaneous candidiasis
severe bacterial and viral infections in infancy
absence of thymic shaddow
SCID
*thymic shadow not present d/t severe T cell def
ataxia
telangiectasias
sinupulmonary infections
ataxia telangiectasia
oculocutaneous albinism
pyogenic infections
neurologic dysfxn
Chediak higashi syndrome
severe bacteriala nd fungal infections
granuloma formation
chronic granulomatous disease
congenital heart disease
dysmorphic facies
hypocalcemia
DiGeorge
recurrent neisseria
C5-C9 def
recurrent infections that worsen w/ age
easy bleeding
eczema
WA syndrome
anti-inflammatory agent that DOES NOT impair platelet fxn
selective COX 2 inhibitors
nitrates>
reflex tachycardia by causing a relative hypotension that hte body responds to w/ catecholamine release.
how do you prevent this?
administer nitrates w a beta blocker
Etanercept
TNFa inhibitor added to MTX to tx moderate-severe RA
fusuion protein linking solubule TNFa receptor to Fc component of IgG1
reduces biological activity of TNFa by acting as a decoy receptor
ETANERCEPT
mab
monoclonal ab
cept
receptor molecule
nib
kinase inhibitor
nib
kinase inhibitor
exons of a gene are reconnected in multiple ways during post transcriptional processing> different mRNA sequences> different protein isoforms
alternative splicing
left untreated, where do gastric carcinomas metastasize to?
Virchow’s node (left supraclavicular sentinel node)
Sister mary joseph nodule (subcutaneous mass in periumbilical region)
metastatic spread of adenocarcinoma to one or both ovaries
primary cancers of stomach breast pancreas gallbladder
enzyme w/ a molecular weight of 72kD
COX 2
Irreversibly modifies COX1/2
NSAIDS/aspirin
infliximab
irreversibly binds to and ]inhibits TNFa
chronic pathologic changes in spleens of pts w/ sickle cell anemia
repetitive splenic infarctions caused by splenic microvessel occlusion>
fibrosis, brownish discoloration>
need for autosplenectomy
reliable test
gives similar results on repeat measurements
validity (accuracy)
tests ability to measure what it’s supposed to
foul smelling bulky floating greasy stool
malabsorption
dx of malabsorption
collect stool
