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Step 1 > Test 48 > Flashcards

Test 48 Flashcards

1
Q

Commonly develops following aspiration in ALCOHOLICS

filamentous
branching
gram + bacteria and sulfur granules

A

Pulmonary actinomycosis

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2
Q

Commonly develops following aspiration in ALCOHOLICS

filamentous
branching
gram + bacteria and sulfur granules

A

Pulmonary actinomycosis

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3
Q

SE of statins

A

myopathy and liver toxicity (hepatitis) in some pts

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4
Q

endocardial cushion defects

A

DS

ASD
regurgitant AV valves

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5
Q

tetraology of fallot

aortic arch abnormalities

A

DiGeorge syndrome

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6
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyoaphty

A

Friedrichs ataxia

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7
Q

spinocerebellar degeneration w/ predominant spinal ataxia

A

Friedrichs ataxia

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8
Q

cystic medial necrosis of the aorta

A

Marfans

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9
Q

valvular obstruction d/t cardiac rhabdomyomas

A

tuberous sclerosis

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10
Q

coarctation of hte aorta

A

turners syndrome

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11
Q

coarctation of hte aorta

A

turners syndrome

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12
Q

IgM Ab specific for Fc component of self IgG

A

Rheumatoid factor

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13
Q

Bilateral pain
stifness
deformity of PIP and MIP
rheumatoid nodules

A

RA

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14
Q

Rheumatoid Factor

A

CD4T cells induce B cells to synthesize RF which is an IgM Ab for SELF IgG. It binds IgG and forms ICs in the serum. Deposition in the synovium/cartilage> activates complement in those locations> chronic inflammation

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15
Q

Rheumatoid Factor

A

CD4T cells induce B cells to synthesize RF which is an IgM Ab for SELF IgG. It binds IgG and forms ICs in the serum. Deposition in the synovium/cartilage> activates complement in those locations> chronic inflammation

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16
Q

Antimitochondrial Abs

A

PBC

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17
Q

ANA

A

many CT disorders

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18
Q

Anti-centromere

A

CREST

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19
Q

serums ability to agglutinate sheep RBC

A

Monospot test

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20
Q

Anti-phospholipid Abs

A

SLE

antiphopholipid Ab syndrome

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21
Q

hypercoagulatbility
paradoxical PTT
recurrent miscarriages

A

Antiphospholipid ab syndrome

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22
Q

Ab to DSDNA

A

SLE

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23
Q

How do you avoid drug TOLERANCE while taking nitrates.

A

Take in AM and afternoon than have nitrate FREE period every day

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24
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci in a homeless pt

A

you should immediately think HIV since PJ exclusively affects immunocompromised people

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25
Q

characteristic sx of esophagitis

A

painful swalllowing

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26
Q

three main causes of HIV associated esophagitis

A

Candida
CMV
Herpes

27
Q

Gray/white pseudomembranes

yeast cells and pseudohyphate that invade mucosa cells

28
Q

small vesicles that evolve into PUNCHED out ulcers

intranuclear inclusions in multinuclear sq cells at margins of ulcers

29
Q

linear ulceration

30
Q

profuse watery diarrhea in HIV pts

A

Isopora belli

31
Q

cardiomyopathy
achalasia
megacolon
megaureter

A

chronic CHAGAS cause dby trypanosoma cruzi

32
Q

cardiomyopathy
achalasia
megacolon
megaureter

A

chronic CHAGAS cause dby trypanosoma cruzi

33
Q

Used for short period to acheive rapid sx relief until slower acting drugs can take effect in pts w/ acute pain

A

prednisone

34
Q

preferred tx for pts w/ moderate to severe RA

35
Q

hypoxia induced vasoconstirction

36
Q

how does chronic HTN lead to PH?

A 
increased diastolic filling pressures to maintain SV/CO>
increase in LA pressure>
pulmonary venous congestion>
increase in pulmonary A pressure>
vasoconstriction
37
Q

Aldosterone

A

absorption of Na

low of K and H ions

38
Q

hemiparesis w/ the ARM affected more than the LEG

A

MCA occlusion

If in dominant hemisphere, aphasia may also occur

39
Q

occlusion of left ACA

A

right hemiplegia with LE affected more than UE

40
Q

occlusion of AICA

A

lateral inferior pontine syndrome

41
Q

occlusion of PICA

A

lateral medullary syndrome

42
Q

HOw does infection w/ M. pneumoniae lead to anemia?

A

shares Ags w/ human RBC>
when body mounts response against htsoe Ags it lyses RBC >
anemia

43
Q

AR disorder in which lack of homogentisic oxidase BLOCKS metabolism of phenylalanine to tyrosine>
accumulation of homogentisic acid>
excreted as BLACK URINE

A

Alkaptonuria

44
Q

Why is PO2 in the LA/Ventricle LOWER than that in the pulmonary capillaries?

A

mixing of oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins w/ deoxygenated blodo from bronchial arteries and thesbian veins

45
Q

AD disorder that results in GOF mutation in FGFR3 gene

A

achondroplasia

46
Q

what is the chance of passing on achdondroplasia?

A

most individuals are HETEROZYGOUS> 50% chance of transmitting mutaiton to offspring

47
Q

myxomatous changes in the media of large arteries are associated w/ what pathology?

A

cystic MEDIAL degeneration> aortic dissectionsa nd aortic aneurysms

48
Q

Medial degeneration is associated w/ what syndrome?

49
Q

Tx for rat poisoning

A

fresh frozen plasma and vit K

50
Q

What is in rat poisoning?

A

brodifacoum–> long acting 4-hydroxycoumarin derivative> coagulopathy and abnormal bleeding

51
Q

heparin overdose

A

protamine sulfate

52
Q

used immediately after ingestion of rat poison

A

syrup of ipecac

53
Q

commonly used tx for Psoriasis

A

topical vit D analgos:
calcipotriene
calcitrol
tacalcitol

54
Q

Meds that BIND vit D receptor and inhibit keratinocyte proliferation and stimulate keratinocyte differentiation

A

vit D analogs

55
Q

gradually progressive dyspnea
bilateral reticulonodular opacities
restrictive pattern
pathcy interstitial lymphocytic inflammation and fibrosis of alveolar walls

A

pulmonary fibrosis

“honecomb”

56
Q

drug commonly used to tx RA that can cause interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis

57
Q

> 3 mos use of appetitie suppressants can lead to…

A

PH

fenfluramine
phenterine

58
Q

dyspnea on exertion

RV hypertrophy> sudden cardiac death

59
Q

how do you distinguish different serotypes of s. pneumoniae?

A

capsular polysaccharide

60
Q

pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine

A

unconjugated vaccine that induces a T cell independent response

61
Q

pneumococcal conjugate avaccine

A

contains polysaccharide material attached to protein Ag> more robust T cell dep response

62
Q

caudal regression syndrome

A

agenesis of sacrum
flaccid paralysis of legs
dorsiflexed feet
urinary incontinence

63
Q

what cuases caudal regression syndrome?

A

poorly controlled maternal diabetes

64
Q

hwat pulls tropomyosin away exposing myosin binding sites

A

Troponin Ca complex

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