Test 39 Flashcards
how do osteocytes exchange nutrients/waste products
gap junctions
observed at apices of glandular cells
tight junctions
half desmosomes that extend from basal surfaces of keratinocytes in strat sq epi to basal lamina
hemidesmosome
penicillinase resistant penicillins
nafcilin
methicillin
oxacillin
penicillinase resistant penicillins are MC used to tx infections caused by…
penicillinase producitng stratins of staph
commonly used to tx skin/soft tissue infections (folliculitis, abscesses) for which s. aureus is usual cause
Nafcillin
displayed by APC
class II MHC
used to present Ag that (dendrites, Mphates, B lymphocytes ) have encoutered in body
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
rigidity
myoglobinuria
autonomic instability
hyperpyrexia
NO myoclonus/presence of rigidity
tx for NMS
dantrolene D2 agonists (bromocriptine
NMS
Fever Encephalopathy Vitals unstable Enzymes increased Rigidity of muscles
felling of restlessness/objective motor restlessness
akathisisa
chronic, dose related movement disorder that manifests as persistent lip smaking or rhythmic tongue/chwing movements
tardive dyskiniesia
**occurs after long term antipsychotic use
when does LV free wall rupture usually occur
3-7 days after onset of MI when coagulative necrosis and neutorphil infiltration have weakened the infarcted myocardium
MCC of inhospitdal death d/t MI
LV failure/cardiogenic shock
4 days after MI pt presents w/ profound hypotension and shortness of breath
heart sounds are muffled
JVD elevaed
free wall rupture>
cardiac tamponade
MCC of death in hospitalized pts after MI
ventricular failure (cardiogenic shock)
most frequent complication of fribrinolytic tehrapy
bleeding
biceps reflex
C5/C6
innervates flexor muscles of arm
sensory to lateral forearm
musculocutaneous
sensation to posterior arm/forearm and dorsum of hand
radial nerve (PCN)
sensation to medial forearm
ulnar nerve
sensation to detloid/lateral arm
axillary
COPD affects FEV1/FVC
decreases
increased lung volumes
restrictive lung disease affects
FEV1/FVC
increases
reduced lung volumes
nitrates:
nitroglycerin
isosorbide dinitrate
isosorbide mononitrate
VENODILATORS
cause a DECREASE in cardiac work by DECRASING left ventricular filling volume/preload (muscles don’t need as much blood/O2 to pump)
autoimmune response against pancreatic beta cells that leads to progressive loss of beat cell mass
T1D
*infiltration of islets by inflammatory cells (insulitis) is more prominent in EARLY phases of disease
MODY
AD-Genetic defect in insulin secretion
impaired glucose sensing /insulin secretion
Neonates infected w/ HBV
often get from moms who are positive for HBsAg and HBeAg
mildly elevated liver enzymes
high risk for chronic infections
viral replication occurs rapidly d/t weak immune system in newborns
infant w/
HBsAg
HBeAG
and mildly elevated liver enzymes
HBV
Na blocking effects intensify as heart rate increases d/t less time between AP for mediation to dissociate from recpetor
IC
flecainide
propafenone
limits maximal heart rate achieved
B1 blockers
Antiarrythmics that DONT affect QRS
beta blockers
digoxin
Dofetilide
verapimil
Ca channel blocker taht slows SA and AV node conduction
increases coronary blood flow> reduced myocardial O2 demand
verapamil
essential in PKU
tyrosine
can no longer be synthesized
enz def in PKU
pneylalanine hydroxylase
yperactivity tremor seizures blue eyes fair skin mousy body odor
PKU
B1 receptors location
found in cardiac tissue and on renal JG cells but NOT on vascular smooth msucle
B1 blocakde
decrease in cAMP
abdominal pain
rectal bleeding
BLIND POUCH connected to ilelum w/ fibrous band attaching to umbilicus
meckels
true diverticulum that is often composed of acid secreting gastric mucosa
meckels
neuron responding to irreversible injury
red neuron
evident 12-24 hrs after injury
shrinkage of cell body
eosinophilia
pyknosis (shirking) of nucleus
loss of nissle substance
red neuron
loss of axon
Axonal reaction
enlargement of cell body
eccentric nucleus
enlargement of nucleous
dispersion of nissl substance
progressive degenerative disease
neuronal atrophy
loss of neurons
reactive gliosis
compensatory response to volume overload of aortic regurge
incrase in LV preload (LV EDV) and eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy
tabes dorsalis and argyll robertson pupils
tertiary neurosyphillis
tabes dorsalis
affects dorsal columns and dorsal roots of spinal cords> loss of position and vibration sesnse
CMV infection in immunocompetent
subclinical infection
possible mononucleosis like syndrome that is monospot negative
what must be equal between the pulmonary circualtion and systemic circulation at ALL times
rate of blood flow
must be the same to provide continuous blood flow
