Test 91

Question 1

common complication of varicose veins

Answer 1

venous stasis ulcers around the medial malleoulus

Question 2

assymetric ventriular septal hypertrophpy and variable dynamic left ventircular outflow tract obstruction

Answer 2

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 3

lead to increaed murmur intesnsity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 3

Decreasing preload/afterload reduces LV chamber size, decreasing the separation between the mtiral valalve and the IV septum, increasing obstruction

sudden standing, vasalva (strain phase), Nitro

Question 4

squatting
sustained hand grip
passive leg raise

Answer 4

increase preload/afterload> DECREASE LVOT murmur intesnsity

Question 5

MC cause of death in pts w/ diptheria infection

Answer 5

cardiomyopathy

Question 6

Tx for diptehria

Answer 6

diptheria antitoxin (passive immunization)**most impt and has greastest effect on prognosis, Abx, active immunizatin

Question 7

acute obstruction of small airways in infants

Answer 7

secondary to RSV bronichiolitis

Question 8

Ribavarin

Answer 8

antiviral drug that may benefit in RSV bronchiolitis

Question 9

Oseltamiviv

Answer 9

sialic acid analogue inhibiotr of influenza A and B viral neuraminidases

Question 10

Ganciclovir

Answer 10

anti-herlpesvirus guanine nucleoside analong

CMV

Question 11

Amantadine

Answer 11

imapir unocating of influenza A virion after host cell endocytosis

Question 12

early onset pericarditis

Answer 12

inflammatory rxn to cardiac muscle necrosis adjacent to visceral and parietal pericardium

Question 13

dresslers syndorme

Answer 13

autoimmune polyserositis

Question 14

two major RFs for developing ARDS

Answer 14

sepsis and shock

Question 15

lung finding associated w/ ARDS

Answer 15

intra alveolar eddema and alveolar hylaine membranes

Question 16

wedge shaped pleural based infarctions in lung w/ hemorrhagic necrosis

Answer 16

PE

Question 17

highly selective proteinuria

Answer 17

mostly low moceuar weight proteins, albumin/transferrin

Question 18

c-myc

Answer 18

burkitt lymphoma

Question 19

n-myc

Answer 19

neuroblastoma

small cell carcinoma of lung

Question 20

BCR-ABL

Answer 20

CML> increased TK activity

Question 21

BCL-2 overexpression

Answer 21

follicular lympohoma

Question 22

caues sxs of septic shock and cahcexia at high concentrations

Answer 22

TNFa

Question 23

episodic, transient attacks of coronary vasospasm at rest during middle of night to early AM hours

Answer 23

prinzemetals angina

temporaory transmural myocardial ischemia w/ ST elevation

Question 24

can provoke coronary vasospasm and aid in dx

Answer 24

ERgonovine

Question 25

Tx of prinzmentals

Answer 25

vasodilating nitrates

Ca channel blockers

Question 26

Phentolamine

Answer 26

a1 and a2 antagonist> vasodilate

Question 27

amlodipine

Answer 27

ca channel blocker> vasodilate

Question 28

morphine

Answer 28

vasodilaor

Question 29

rapid correction of hyponatremia

Answer 29

osmotic demyelination of axons

Question 30

rapid correction of hkypernatremia

Answer 30

cerebral edema

Question 31

carpopedal spasms

Answer 31

hypocalcemia

Question 32

arnold chiari malformations

Answer 32

congenital abnormality

impaired devo of posterior fossa

Question 33

LG ion channels that OPEN after binding ACh

> influx of Na/Ca and outflux of K from cell

Answer 33

Nicotinic receptors

Question 34

EPI to A1 receptor

Answer 34

IP3 pathway> increase in intracellular Ca

Question 35

B1, B2 recetpors

Answer 35

cAMP> PKA activation

Question 36

M1 and M3

Answer 36

ITP> increased Ca and activate PKC

Question 37

Li Fraumeni syndrome

Answer 37

AD predisposition to variety of cancers

sarcomas, tumors of breast, brain and adrenal cortex are MOST common

mut p53 gene