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Step 1 > Test 25- HRM > Flashcards

Test 25- HRM Flashcards

1
Q

what cells is the HALLMARK of an HPV infection?

A

Koilocytosis

pyknotic superficial or immature squamous cells w/ dense, irregularly staining cytoplasma nd perinuclear clearing

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2
Q

Adolescents w/ an immature HPO axis may experience this for several years following menarche.

A

Anovulation

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3
Q

Cause of anovulatory cycles

A

No progesterone is produced and estrogen levels remain high, causing the endometrium to be remain in the proliferative phase>
irregular periods of stromal breakdown w/ variable but usually heavy bleeding

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4
Q

incomplete fusion of the UG folds

A

hypospadias

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5
Q

becomes the penis in males and the clitoris in femalies

A

genital tubercle

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6
Q

MC malignant stromal tumor

A

Granulosa cell tumor

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7
Q

Estrogen secreting primary ovarian tumors that can cause endometrial hyperplasia and abnormal uterine bleeding

A

Granulosa cell tumors

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8
Q

Granulosa cell tumor predisposes you to waht type of cancer?

A

endometrial adenocarcinoma

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9
Q

Pt presents w/ severe dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia (painful sex) and infertility

A

Endometriosis–endometrial glands and stroma oustide the uterus

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10
Q

endometrial glands in the uterine myometrium

A

adenomyosis

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11
Q

endometrial biopsy on a pt with abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, hemorrhagic shock and hx of amenorrhea

A

decidual (gestational) changes in the endometrium but no chorionic villi

*see pregnancy related endometrial changes because hormones are still released

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12
Q

straight short endometrial glands and compact stroma

A

early proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle

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13
Q

decidualized endometrium and chorionic villi and embryonic tissue

A

found w/ an intrauterine pregnancy

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14
Q

atypical endometrial cells that form glands

A

endometrial adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

Pts w/ PCOS are at risk for developing….

A 
endometrial adenocarcinoma (due to high levels of unopposed estrogen on the endometrium)
T2D
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16
Q

WHat happens to endometrial cells upon withdrawal of progesterone?

A

apoptosis

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17
Q

Tumor suppressor genes MC associated w/ hereditary breast cancer are involved with…

A

DNA repair of DS DNA breaks

BRCA1/BRCA2 (AD w/ 70-80% risk) of devleoping cancer

*increases risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer

18
Q

How do you identify the causative organism of syphillis

A

Treponema pallidum

can be visualized w/ darkfiled microscopy> helical motile organisms

19
Q

how is a syphillis dx conirmed

A

serologic testing

VDRL, RPR- cardiolipin (byproduct of infection)

20
Q

Solid sheets of pleomorphic high grade cells w/ central necrosis

A

comedocarcinoma

21
Q

MCC of Candida vaginitis

A

antibiotic use

22
Q

Thin, off white discharge w/ fish odor
pH>4.5
Clue cells

A

Bacterial vaginosis

Metronidazole

23
Q

Thin, yellow green, malodorous froth discharge
pH>4.5
Motile trichomonads on smear

A

Trichomoniasis

Metronidazole

24
Q

Thick white discharge w/ cottage cheese appearance and pseudohyphae

A

Candida vaginitis

Flucanazole

25
Q

painless ulcers with later progression to painful inguinal lymphadenopathy and ulceration

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

26
Q

What causes LGV?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis (L1-L3)

27
Q

What is LGV characterized by histologically?

A

chlamydial inclusion bodies in the cell cytoplasm

28
Q

Tx for LGV

A

doxycycline

29
Q

Conditions caused by incomplete obliteration of the processus vaginalis

A

Hydrocele
Indirect inguinal hernia

  • hydrocele- connection between scrotum and abdominal cavity that allows leakage of fluid
  • hernia occurs when opening allows protrusion of abdominal organs along inguinal canal
30
Q

Most likely explanation for an adnexal mass in an elderly female

A

ovarian malignancy

31
Q

serum marker for ovarian malignancy

A

CA-125

32
Q

CEA

A

CRC and pancreatic cancers

33
Q

CA 19-9

A

Pancreatic cancer

34
Q

increased AFP

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors (yolk sac tumors)

35
Q

Hydatidiform moles, choriocarcinomas and a gestational trophoblastic tumor all produce…

A

BhCG

36
Q

DHEA

A

may be elevated in pts w/ excess production of adrenal androgens

37
Q

Where does lymph from the testes drain to?

A

para-aortic LN

38
Q

lymph from the scrotum drains to

A

superficial inguinal LN

39
Q

situs inversus
chronic sinusitis
bronchiectasis
infertility

A

primary ciliary dyskinesia

40
Q

Strongest known RF for development of CIN and invasive cervical carcinoma

A

HPV (esp 16 and 18)

*early age at first intercourse and multiple partners increases incidence of HPV

Step 1 (69 decks)

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