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Step 1 > Test 57 > Flashcards

Test 57 Flashcards

1
Q

what failed in a pt is a cecum in an infant is fixed to the right upper abdominal qunadrant

A

midgut rotation around the SMA

fixed with fibroius bands (ladds bands) to second part of duodenum

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2
Q

hindgut descent along IMA

A

occurs after midgut returns to abdominal cavity

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3
Q

hPL

A

increases insulin resistance, stimulates proteolysis, lipolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis

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4
Q

maternal insulin resistance cause

A

increased secretion of hPL, placental growth hormone, estrogens, progesteronea nd glucocorticoids

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5
Q

major Ab associated w/ mucosal immunity

A

secretory IgA

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6
Q

which polio vaccine genreates a more robust immune response

A

live attenuated oral vaccine (Sabin) produces a stronger mucosal secretory IgA response thatn the inativated vaccine

increases mucoal IgA offers immune protection at site of viral entry by inhibiting attachment ot intestinal epithelial cells

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7
Q

radiolucent ( not seen on plain abdominal films) kidney stones

A

uric acid stones (visualized instaed on US)

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8
Q

kidney stones seen on plain abdominal x ray

A

radiopaque

Ca oxalate/Ca phosphate

struvite (magnesium)

cysteine

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9
Q

colorless octahedron

crossed by diagonal line

A

ca oxalate

ca phosphate

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10
Q

rectangular prism (coffin lid)

A

struvite)

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11
Q

flat, yelllow, hexagonal

A

cystine

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12
Q

flat, yelllow, hexagonal

A

cystine

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13
Q

used to isolate neisseria species

A

thayer martin selective medium

chocolate agart w/ vanco, colistin, nystatin, TMP

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14
Q

provides some cutaneous sensation to the posterior external auditory canal via small auricular branch;
stimulation leads to vasovagal episode

A

vagus nerve

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15
Q

sensation to rest of external auditory canal

A

CN V3

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16
Q

cardiomegaly
pleural effusion
kerley B lines
increased vascular shadowing bilaterally

A

left ventricular failure

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17
Q

leads to bile precipitation and formation of biliary sludge

A

GB hypomotility

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18
Q

RFs for GB hypomotility

A

pregnancy
rapid weight loss
prolonged us of TPN/ocreotide

spinal cord injuries

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19
Q

brown pigment stones

A

biliary tract infeciton

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20
Q

black pigment stones

A

intravascular hemolysis

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21
Q

chronic diarrhea and mild hemolytic anemia in pt w/ CF

A

vit E def d/t to fat malabsorption

def leads to increased susceptibility of neuronal and RBC membranes to oxidative stress

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22
Q

PAH

A

filtered and secreted by glomerulusa nd renal tubules and used to estimate RPF

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23
Q

process by which PAH is secreted into tubular fluid

A

carrier-protein mediated process

24
Q

progressive spastic paresis of lower extremeties and choreoathetoid movements
high arginine levels

A

arginase def

25
Q

arginase

A

produces urea nd ornithine from arginine

26
Q

tx for arginase def

A

low protein diet that is devoid of arginine

27
Q

location for excretion and resorption of Li

A

PCT–> drugs that alter GFR can lead to increased PCT absortpion and Li toxicity

28
Q

drugs that lead to increased LI levels

A

thiazide diuretics
ACE -I
NSAIDS

29
Q

Attributable risk percent

A

excess risk in exposed popualtion taht can be attrirburted to RF

=100 x RR-1/RR

30
Q

Attributable risk percent

A

excess risk in exposed popualtion taht can be attrirburted to RF

=100 x RR-1/RR

31
Q

drug that causes QRS prolongation but has little effect on QT interval duration

A

class I

IC= propafenone

32
Q

phase 3 of AP

A

repolaration phase of ventricular myocyte

outward movement of K

modulated by class 3 antiarrhythmics

33
Q

phase 3 of AP

A

repolaration phase of ventricular myocyte

outward movement of K

modulated by class 3 antiarrhythmics

34
Q

selective vasodilators of coronary vessels that can cuase coronary steal

A

adenosine and dipyridamole

35
Q

coronary steal

A

blood lfow in ishemic areas is reduced d/t arteriolar vasodilation in nonischemic areas> hypoperfusiona nd worsening of existing ischemia

36
Q

reduces morbidity and mortality in class III and IV HF pts

A

spironolactone

37
Q

absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

38
Q

first line agents for anti-convulsant therapy

A

benzos
diazepam
lorazepam
midazolam

39
Q

phenobarbital

A

tonic clonic seizures

40
Q

drug of choice for complex partial seizures and is effective for tonic clonic

can cause agranulocytosis/aplastic anemia

A

carbameazepine

41
Q

pt presents w/ fever, back pain, inginal massa nd difficulty walking

A

psoas abscess d/t hematogenous or lympahtic seeding from distant sitte

42
Q

psoas sign

A

pain that is exacerbated by movements tha cause psoas muscle to be stretched or extended

43
Q 
pt 20-30
left eye pain accentuated by occular movements
dimming of vision in left eye
numbness or tingling that resolves
worse w/ heat exposure
44
Q

mood distrubances
dementai
choreiform movements
progressive sxs

A

huntingtons

45
Q

focal neurologic sxs that last less htan 24 hrs

46
Q

causes pruritis when exposed to hot shower b/c of release of histamine from basophils

A

polycythemia

47
Q

ascending paralysis tha tleads to respiratory failure

48
Q

cough
coryza
conjunctivitis
koplik spots

49
Q

TdT
Cd10
Cd19

50
Q

CD1,2, 5

TdT

51
Q

TdT+

PAS positive

A

lymphoblast

52
Q

Auer rods

A

AML (myeloblasts)

53
Q

origin of renal cell carcinomas

A

epithelial cells of proximal renal tubules

54
Q

rare renal tumor from collecting duct cells

A

renal oncocytoma

55
Q

arises from renal pelvis lining, multifocal and forms PAPILLAYR TUMORS

A

transitional cell carcinoma

56
Q

mental retardation

mousy odor

A

PKU
born to two heterozygous parents

RECESSIVW

57
Q

affects small airways> bronchiolitis obliterans, lymphocytic inflammaiton, necrosis, fibrosis of bronchiolar wall

A

chronic rejection

major problem in lung transplant pts

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