Test 57 Flashcards
what failed in a pt is a cecum in an infant is fixed to the right upper abdominal qunadrant
midgut rotation around the SMA
fixed with fibroius bands (ladds bands) to second part of duodenum
hindgut descent along IMA
occurs after midgut returns to abdominal cavity
hPL
increases insulin resistance, stimulates proteolysis, lipolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis
maternal insulin resistance cause
increased secretion of hPL, placental growth hormone, estrogens, progesteronea nd glucocorticoids
major Ab associated w/ mucosal immunity
secretory IgA
which polio vaccine genreates a more robust immune response
live attenuated oral vaccine (Sabin) produces a stronger mucosal secretory IgA response thatn the inativated vaccine
increases mucoal IgA offers immune protection at site of viral entry by inhibiting attachment ot intestinal epithelial cells
radiolucent ( not seen on plain abdominal films) kidney stones
uric acid stones (visualized instaed on US)
kidney stones seen on plain abdominal x ray
radiopaque
Ca oxalate/Ca phosphate
struvite (magnesium)
cysteine
colorless octahedron
crossed by diagonal line
ca oxalate
ca phosphate
rectangular prism (coffin lid)
struvite)
flat, yelllow, hexagonal
cystine
flat, yelllow, hexagonal
cystine
used to isolate neisseria species
thayer martin selective medium
chocolate agart w/ vanco, colistin, nystatin, TMP
provides some cutaneous sensation to the posterior external auditory canal via small auricular branch;
stimulation leads to vasovagal episode
vagus nerve
sensation to rest of external auditory canal
CN V3
cardiomegaly
pleural effusion
kerley B lines
increased vascular shadowing bilaterally
left ventricular failure
leads to bile precipitation and formation of biliary sludge
GB hypomotility
RFs for GB hypomotility
pregnancy
rapid weight loss
prolonged us of TPN/ocreotide
spinal cord injuries
brown pigment stones
biliary tract infeciton
black pigment stones
intravascular hemolysis
chronic diarrhea and mild hemolytic anemia in pt w/ CF
vit E def d/t to fat malabsorption
def leads to increased susceptibility of neuronal and RBC membranes to oxidative stress
PAH
filtered and secreted by glomerulusa nd renal tubules and used to estimate RPF
process by which PAH is secreted into tubular fluid
carrier-protein mediated process
progressive spastic paresis of lower extremeties and choreoathetoid movements
high arginine levels
arginase def
arginase
produces urea nd ornithine from arginine
tx for arginase def
low protein diet that is devoid of arginine
location for excretion and resorption of Li
PCT–> drugs that alter GFR can lead to increased PCT absortpion and Li toxicity
drugs that lead to increased LI levels
thiazide diuretics
ACE -I
NSAIDS
Attributable risk percent
excess risk in exposed popualtion taht can be attrirburted to RF
=100 x RR-1/RR
Attributable risk percent
excess risk in exposed popualtion taht can be attrirburted to RF
=100 x RR-1/RR
drug that causes QRS prolongation but has little effect on QT interval duration
class I
IC= propafenone
phase 3 of AP
repolaration phase of ventricular myocyte
outward movement of K
modulated by class 3 antiarrhythmics
phase 3 of AP
repolaration phase of ventricular myocyte
outward movement of K
modulated by class 3 antiarrhythmics
selective vasodilators of coronary vessels that can cuase coronary steal
adenosine and dipyridamole
coronary steal
blood lfow in ishemic areas is reduced d/t arteriolar vasodilation in nonischemic areas> hypoperfusiona nd worsening of existing ischemia
reduces morbidity and mortality in class III and IV HF pts
spironolactone
absence seizures
ethosuximide
first line agents for anti-convulsant therapy
benzos
diazepam
lorazepam
midazolam
phenobarbital
tonic clonic seizures
drug of choice for complex partial seizures and is effective for tonic clonic
can cause agranulocytosis/aplastic anemia
carbameazepine
pt presents w/ fever, back pain, inginal massa nd difficulty walking
psoas abscess d/t hematogenous or lympahtic seeding from distant sitte
psoas sign
pain that is exacerbated by movements tha cause psoas muscle to be stretched or extended
pt 20-30 left eye pain accentuated by occular movements dimming of vision in left eye numbness or tingling that resolves worse w/ heat exposure
MS
mood distrubances
dementai
choreiform movements
progressive sxs
huntingtons
focal neurologic sxs that last less htan 24 hrs
TIA
causes pruritis when exposed to hot shower b/c of release of histamine from basophils
polycythemia
ascending paralysis tha tleads to respiratory failure
GB
cough
coryza
conjunctivitis
koplik spots
measles
TdT
Cd10
Cd19
B-ALL
CD1,2, 5
TdT
T-ALL
TdT+
PAS positive
lymphoblast
Auer rods
AML (myeloblasts)
origin of renal cell carcinomas
epithelial cells of proximal renal tubules
rare renal tumor from collecting duct cells
renal oncocytoma
arises from renal pelvis lining, multifocal and forms PAPILLAYR TUMORS
transitional cell carcinoma
mental retardation
mousy odor
PKU
born to two heterozygous parents
RECESSIVW
affects small airways> bronchiolitis obliterans, lymphocytic inflammaiton, necrosis, fibrosis of bronchiolar wall
chronic rejection
major problem in lung transplant pts