Test 50 Flashcards
nonlactose fermenting
oxidase +
gram - rod
grapy fruity odor
Pseudomonas
Aerobic
Motile!
MCC of MOE, infection of the ear seen in elderly diabetic pts
Pseudomonas
oxidase +
gram -
comma shpaed rod
grows on alkaline medium that kills most organisms
v. cholerae
gram - rods
fast lactose fermenters
klebsiella
e. coli
gram _ lactose non fermenting
oxidase -
non motile
rod shapped
shigella
requires and V for growth
Haemophilus influenza
signaling pathway for anti-apoptosis, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis
PI3K/AKtm/mTOR
What happens to to TK activated mTOR?
it translocates to the nucleus
how do you treat a pt who has OD’ed on beta blockers
glucagon> increases HR and contractility independent of adrenergic receptors
why can glucagon be used to tx a beta blocker overdose?
activates GPCR on cardiac myocytes>
activation of AC>
raises intracellular cAMP>
Ca relase from intracellular stores and SA node firing
why can glucagon be used to tx a beta blocker overdose?
activates GPCR on cardiac myocytes>
activation of AC>
raises intracellular cAMP>
Ca relase from intracellular stores and SA node firing
baby w/ hypotonia poor feeding jaundice macroglossia constipation umbilical hernia
congenital hypothyroidism
standard tx for n gon
ceftriaxone
tx for c. trachomatis
axithromycin
doxycycline
hilar adenopathy
pulmonary infiltrates
non-caseating lung granulomas in AA female
sarcoidosis
what forms granulomas
Th1>
IL-2 >
IFNy» stimulates Th1 proliferation and mphage activation
damage to the radial nerve
wrist drop
affects opposition of thumb
median
limits thumb addduction
deep branch of ulnar
limits finger abduction
recurrent branch of median nerve
limits hand flexion
median
forms the IVC @ L4/L5
L and R common iliac veins
what happens hwen ATP binds myosin
release of myosin haead from binding site on actin filament
what causes renal osteodystrophy
end stage renal diseaes>
hypocalcemia and decreased phosphate excretion and decreased renal synth of vit D
*hypocalcemia nad hyperPTH contribute to renal osteodystrophy
what causes renal osteodystrophy
end stage renal diseaes>
hypocalcemia and decreased phosphate excretion and decreased renal synth of vit D
*hypocalcemia nad hyperPTH contribute to renal osteodystrophy
How has acute RF been reduced in industrialized nations
tx s. pharyngitis w/ antibiotics
acute acalculous cholecysitisis
acute inflammation of GB in abscence of gallstones (often occurs secondary to GB stasis and ischemia)
*commonly seen in hospitalized and very ill
What is shown to SLOW the progression of HF and reduce all cause mortality in pts w/ CHF
Beta blockers
slow ventricular rate and decrease afterload
What is specifically used to tx pts w/ HF and CHF?
Carvedilol
antagonizes B1/B2 and alpha 1
loop diuretic used to tx HF assoc w/ peripheral edema
furosemide/ loop diuretics
used to tx supraventricular and ventricular arrhtymias
amiodorone
PDE inhibitor that increases cardiac contractility and decreases preload and afterload
milrinone
improves morbidity but not mortality in pts w/ CHF
digoxin
how do you dx acute cholecystiitis?
often cuased by gallstones obstructing cystic duct
identify signs of GB inflammation
how do you dx acute cholecystiitis?
often cuased by gallstones obstructing cystic duct
identify signs of GB inflammation using US
what do you do if US is inconclusive for acute cholecystitis?
NM scan can be used to detect it w/ a radiotracter. GB won’t be visulaized d/t obstruction
what causes drug induced parkinsonism
D2 receptor blockers
Antipsychotics (first generation)
Antiemetics
how do you tx drug induced parkinsonism
benzotropine (antimuscarnic)
amantadine (increass Da release and prevents reuptake)
what is contraindicated for anti-psychotic induced parkinsonism b/c they can preceipitate psychosis
levodopa and
Da agonists
tinnitus
vertigo
sensorineural hearing loss d/t increased volume and pressure of endolymph in hte vestibular apparatus
Menieres disease
leads to formation of an annular pancreas
abnormal migration of ventral pancreatic bud
*encircles descending part of duodenum> lead to sxs of duodenal obstruction in neonates
leads to formation of an annular pancreas
abnormal migration of ventral pancreatic bud
*encircles descending part of duodenum> lead to sxs of duodenal obstruction in neonates
what is the pancreas derived from
foregut
pathogenesis of Wilsons disease
excess of non-ceruloplasmin bound serum copper>
leads to injurious accumulation of this element in the liver, CNS, lenticular nucleus, cornea
tx for Wilsons disease
chelation therapy w/ penicillamine to remove excess losely bound serum copper
chelating agents used to tx lead poisoning
Dimercaprol
EDTA
used to tx cirrhosis related hepatic encephalopathy
lactulose
Deferoxxamine
tx hemochromatosis
Fe chelating agent
characteristics of intravascular hemolytic anemias
shistocytes d/t fragmented RBC>
decreased haptoglobin
increased LDH and bilirubin
decreased haptoglobin
haptoglobin binds FREE Hb and is indicative of hemolysis
gliosis
proliferation of astrocytes in area of neuron degeneration> leads to formation of glial scar which compensates for volum loss after neuronal death
