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Test 50 Flashcards

1
Q

nonlactose fermenting
oxidase +
gram - rod
grapy fruity odor

A

Pseudomonas

Aerobic
Motile!

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2
Q

MCC of MOE, infection of the ear seen in elderly diabetic pts

A

Pseudomonas

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3
Q

oxidase +
gram -
comma shpaed rod
grows on alkaline medium that kills most organisms

A

v. cholerae

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4
Q

gram - rods

fast lactose fermenters

A

klebsiella

e. coli

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5
Q

gram _ lactose non fermenting
oxidase -
non motile
rod shapped

A

shigella

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6
Q

requires and V for growth

A

Haemophilus influenza

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7
Q

signaling pathway for anti-apoptosis, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis

A

PI3K/AKtm/mTOR

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8
Q

What happens to to TK activated mTOR?

A

it translocates to the nucleus

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9
Q

how do you treat a pt who has OD’ed on beta blockers

A

glucagon> increases HR and contractility independent of adrenergic receptors

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10
Q

why can glucagon be used to tx a beta blocker overdose?

A

activates GPCR on cardiac myocytes>
activation of AC>
raises intracellular cAMP>
Ca relase from intracellular stores and SA node firing

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11
Q

why can glucagon be used to tx a beta blocker overdose?

A

activates GPCR on cardiac myocytes>
activation of AC>
raises intracellular cAMP>
Ca relase from intracellular stores and SA node firing

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12
Q 
baby w/ hypotonia
poor feeding
jaundice
macroglossia
constipation
umbilical hernia
A

congenital hypothyroidism

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13
Q

standard tx for n gon

A

ceftriaxone

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14
Q

tx for c. trachomatis

A

axithromycin

doxycycline

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15
Q

hilar adenopathy
pulmonary infiltrates
non-caseating lung granulomas in AA female

A

sarcoidosis

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16
Q

what forms granulomas

A

Th1>
IL-2 >
IFNy» stimulates Th1 proliferation and mphage activation

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17
Q

damage to the radial nerve

A

wrist drop

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18
Q

affects opposition of thumb

A

median

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19
Q

limits thumb addduction

A

deep branch of ulnar

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20
Q

limits finger abduction

A

recurrent branch of median nerve

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21
Q

limits hand flexion

A

median

22
Q

forms the IVC @ L4/L5

A

L and R common iliac veins

23
Q

what happens hwen ATP binds myosin

A

release of myosin haead from binding site on actin filament

24
Q

what causes renal osteodystrophy

A

end stage renal diseaes>
hypocalcemia and decreased phosphate excretion and decreased renal synth of vit D

*hypocalcemia nad hyperPTH contribute to renal osteodystrophy

25
Q

what causes renal osteodystrophy

A

end stage renal diseaes>
hypocalcemia and decreased phosphate excretion and decreased renal synth of vit D

*hypocalcemia nad hyperPTH contribute to renal osteodystrophy

26
Q

How has acute RF been reduced in industrialized nations

A

tx s. pharyngitis w/ antibiotics

27
Q

acute acalculous cholecysitisis

A

acute inflammation of GB in abscence of gallstones (often occurs secondary to GB stasis and ischemia)

*commonly seen in hospitalized and very ill

28
Q

What is shown to SLOW the progression of HF and reduce all cause mortality in pts w/ CHF

A

Beta blockers

slow ventricular rate and decrease afterload

29
Q

What is specifically used to tx pts w/ HF and CHF?

A

Carvedilol

antagonizes B1/B2 and alpha 1

30
Q

loop diuretic used to tx HF assoc w/ peripheral edema

A

furosemide/ loop diuretics

31
Q

used to tx supraventricular and ventricular arrhtymias

A

amiodorone

32
Q

PDE inhibitor that increases cardiac contractility and decreases preload and afterload

A

milrinone

33
Q

improves morbidity but not mortality in pts w/ CHF

A

digoxin

34
Q

how do you dx acute cholecystiitis?

A

often cuased by gallstones obstructing cystic duct

identify signs of GB inflammation

35
Q

how do you dx acute cholecystiitis?

A

often cuased by gallstones obstructing cystic duct

identify signs of GB inflammation using US

36
Q

what do you do if US is inconclusive for acute cholecystitis?

A

NM scan can be used to detect it w/ a radiotracter. GB won’t be visulaized d/t obstruction

37
Q

what causes drug induced parkinsonism

A

D2 receptor blockers

Antipsychotics (first generation)
Antiemetics

38
Q

how do you tx drug induced parkinsonism

A

benzotropine (antimuscarnic)

amantadine (increass Da release and prevents reuptake)

39
Q

what is contraindicated for anti-psychotic induced parkinsonism b/c they can preceipitate psychosis

A

levodopa and

Da agonists

40
Q

tinnitus
vertigo
sensorineural hearing loss d/t increased volume and pressure of endolymph in hte vestibular apparatus

A

Menieres disease

41
Q

leads to formation of an annular pancreas

A

abnormal migration of ventral pancreatic bud

*encircles descending part of duodenum> lead to sxs of duodenal obstruction in neonates

42
Q

leads to formation of an annular pancreas

A

abnormal migration of ventral pancreatic bud

*encircles descending part of duodenum> lead to sxs of duodenal obstruction in neonates

43
Q

what is the pancreas derived from

A

foregut

44
Q

pathogenesis of Wilsons disease

A

excess of non-ceruloplasmin bound serum copper>

leads to injurious accumulation of this element in the liver, CNS, lenticular nucleus, cornea

45
Q

tx for Wilsons disease

A

chelation therapy w/ penicillamine to remove excess losely bound serum copper

46
Q

chelating agents used to tx lead poisoning

A

Dimercaprol

EDTA

47
Q

used to tx cirrhosis related hepatic encephalopathy

A

lactulose

48
Q

Deferoxxamine

A

tx hemochromatosis

Fe chelating agent

49
Q

characteristics of intravascular hemolytic anemias

A

shistocytes d/t fragmented RBC>
decreased haptoglobin
increased LDH and bilirubin

50
Q

decreased haptoglobin

A

haptoglobin binds FREE Hb and is indicative of hemolysis

51
Q

gliosis

A

proliferation of astrocytes in area of neuron degeneration> leads to formation of glial scar which compensates for volum loss after neuronal death

Step 1 (69 decks)

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