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Test 47 Flashcards

1
Q

one week after surgery a liver tx pt develops a SKIN RASH and bloody diarrhea

A

GVHD

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2
Q

commonly occurs after allogenic bone marrow transplant and organs rich in lymphocytes (like hte liver) or the transfusion of non-radiated blood

A

GVHD

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3
Q

T lymphocytes of donor tissue are sensitized against MHC Ag of recipient

skin, liver, intestine most commonly involved

A

GVHD

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4
Q

weakness of muscles and EOM> ptosis and diplopiam

A

MG

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5
Q

majority of pts w/ MG commonly have….

A

thymoma or thymic hyperplasia

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6
Q

associated w/ 3rd pharyngeal pouch

A

thymus and inferior PTH glands

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7
Q

Lamotrigine

A

blocks VG Na channels

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8
Q

SE of Lamotrigine

A

SJS
toxic epidermal necrolysis

flu like sxs followed by widespread mucocutaneous epidermal necrosis

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9
Q

SNS innervation of adrenal and sweat glands

A

cholingergic fibers

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10
Q

SNS innervation to viscera/target organs

A

noradrenergic (NE)

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11
Q

what makes eukaryotic DNA synthesis quick and effective despite the large genome compared to prokaryotic

A

multiple origins of replicaiton

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12
Q

incrased activity of what enzyme is most liekly to promote recurrrent adenoma devleopment?

A

cox 2

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13
Q

lowers incidence of adenomas

A

aspirin

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14
Q

why do women develop gallstones during pregnancy?

A

estrongen–> increases cholesterol syntehsis by upregulating HMG-CoA–> bile to become supersaturated w/ cholesterol

progesterone–> reduces bile acid secretion and slows gallbladder emptying

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15
Q

what is responsible for increased incidence of cholelithiasis in women who are pregnant/using OCPs?

A

estrogen induced cholesterol hypersecretion

progesterone induced GB hypomotility

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16
Q

what replaces infarcted CNS tissue?

A

cystic astroglial scar

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17
Q

abnormal Rinne test in affected ear and Weber test localizes to affected ear

A

conductive hearing loss

bone conduction> air conduction

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18
Q

normal Rinne, Weber localizes to unaffected ear

A

sensorineural

air conduction > bone conduction

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19
Q

normal Rinne, Weber localizes to unaffected ear

A

sensorineural

air conduction > bone conduction

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20
Q

Rinne test

A

Compares vibrating tuning fork on mastoid bone vs. external ear

Air conducted sound is normally LOUDER nad longer heard than bone conducted sound

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21
Q

postive rinne test

A

NORMAL

sound is heard best at EAM

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22
Q

abnormal Rinne

A

pt hears vibration better at mastoid

conductive hearing loss

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23
Q

Weber test

A

vibrating tuning fork on middle of forehead

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24
Q

conductive hearling loss weber test

A

latearlization to AFFECTED ear> conduction masks the ambient nose in the room> vibraton to be better heard

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25
Q

conductive hearing loss weber test

A

lateralizaiton to unaffected ear> unimpaired ear can better sense vibration

26
Q

PSGN lab findings

A

elevated ASO/DNAse B
Decreased C3 and total complement
cryoglobulins present

27
Q

serum anti-GBM Abs

Cresent formation

A

Good pasture syndrome

28
Q

anti-phospholipid Abs

29
Q

marker for mast cell activation

30
Q

marker for mast cell activation

31
Q

what causes mast cells to degranulate?

A

cross linkin gof membrane bound IgE Abs to specific Ag> IgE-Fc receptor AGGREGATON on cell surace

32
Q

pol gene mutations

A

resistance to HIV RT inhibitors and HIV protease inhibitors

33
Q

Env gene mutations

A

escape from host neutralizing Abs

34
Q

mechanism most responsible for antiseptic properties of isopropanol?

A

disruption of cell membranes

35
Q

chlorhexidine

A

disrupt cell membanres

coagulation of cytoplasm

36
Q

hydrogen peroxide

A

produces free radicals that oxidize cell components

37
Q

iodine

A

halogenation of proteins and nucleic acids

38
Q

agent of choice for hyptertensive emergency

A

nitroprusside

39
Q

major SE of nitroprusside

A

metabolized to cynaide> cyanide toxicity

40
Q

used to tx cyangide toxicity

A

Sodium thioSULFATE

donates sulfur to liver rhodanase to enhance conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate

41
Q

used to tx cyangide toxicity

A

Sodium thioSULFATE

donates sulfur to liver rhodanase to enhance conversion of cyaide to thiocyanate

42
Q

affect of cholinergic agonists on endothelial cells

A 
bind to muscarinic receptors>
release of NO>
increased GC>
decreased Ca concentration>
vasodilation
43
Q

nursemaids elbow

A

suddent tarction on outstretched pronated arm> torn ANNULAR LIGAMENT

44
Q

gag gene

45
Q

env gene

A

gp120

gp41

46
Q

tat/rev

A

required for viral replication

47
Q

Calcium channel blocker used in HTN that can lead to flushing and peripheral edema

A

Amlodipine

48
Q

Doxazosin
Prazosin
Terazosin

A

alpha 1 blockers

HYPOtension when first start treatment

49
Q

Propranolol

A

nonselective B blocker

exacerabte bronchial asthma
peripheral vascular disease
bradycardia

50
Q

drug can mask hypoglycemic sxs of diabetics

A

propranolol/nonselective beta blockers

51
Q

drug can mask hypoglycemic sxs of diabetics

A

propranolol/nonselective beta blockers

52
Q

Ramipril

A

ACE-I

cough
hyperkalemia
angioedema

53
Q

HCTZ

A

first line med for HTN

diuretic

54
Q

Eplerenone

A

Aldosterone antag

gynecomastia

55
Q

Verapimil

A

constipation

gingival hyperplasia

56
Q

Renal failure
pulmonary sxs
upper RT sxs

crescents on light microscopy

A

ANCA assoc RPGN

abscence of Ig and C3 deposits

57
Q

RPGN w/ NO Ig/C3 deposits on basement membrane

A

Type 3 RPGN- ANCA (anti-neutrophil Abs)

58
Q

pruritis w/ high alk phos levels and high anti-mitochondrial ABs

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (autoimmune destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts and cholestasis)

59
Q

PBC relationship to Gravt v. host disease

A

grnaulomatous bile duct destruction

heavy lymphocyte predominant portal infiltrate

60
Q

PBC relationship to Gravt v. host disease

A

grnaulomatous bile duct destruction

heavy lymphocyte predominant portal infiltrate

61
Q

pulmonary infarcts

A

almost always HEMORRHAGIC d/t dual blood supply to lung

62
Q

IV drug abuse pt dying of sepsis

A

endocarditis of RIGHT heart

S. Aureus> septic embolization from TV to distal pulmonary artery

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