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Test 35- HRM Flashcards

1
Q

helps to accelerate fetal lung maturation by stimulating surfactant production
can be assessed through amniocentesis

A

maternala dn fetal cortisol

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2
Q

blocks THYROID PEROXIDASE inhibiting hte oxidation of iodide and organifcation of iodine>
inhibition of thyroid hormone syntehsis

A

methimazole
propylthiouracil

*txs hyperthyroidism

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3
Q

thyroid medicaiton used in pregnancy to block peripheral conversion

A

PTU

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4
Q

protein modification
folding
transfer

well developed in PROTEIN SECRETING CELLS

A

RER

*ribosmes detaching from the ER would leads to LOF

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5
Q

lacks surface ribosomes
lipid syntehsis
carb metabolism
dextox harmful substances

A

SER

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6
Q

coverts ANDROGENS to ESTROGENS in ovaries, testes, placenta and peripheral tissues

A

aromatase

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7
Q 
def of this enzyme>
accumulation of androgens during pregnancy>
ambiguous gexternal genitalia in female infants and maternal virilization
A

placental aromatase def

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8
Q

decreased synthesis of DHT in male>

underdeveloped exernal genitalia

A

5 alpha reductase def

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9
Q

primary source of blood glucose after 12-18 hours

A

gluconeognesis

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10
Q

initial commited step of gluconeogenesis

A

pyruvate to OAA nad OAA to PEP

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11
Q

primary source of glucose for first 12 hours

A

glycogenolysis

Glycogen–> Glu1 P

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12
Q

pyruvate is converted to OAA by

A

pyruvate carboxylase (biotin)

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13
Q

coverts OAA to PEP

A

PEPCK

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14
Q

fructose 1,6 BP

glucose 6 phosphatase

A

2 other enzymes in gluconeogenesis that differ from glycolysis

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15
Q

GH stimulates bone, cartilage and soft tissue growth by stimulating the release of….

A

IGF-1 from the liver

(somatomedin C)

**increased during exercise and slleep

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16
Q

inhibitors of GH

A

glucose

somatostatine

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17
Q

carrier proteins for oxytocin and ADH

A

neurophysins carry oxytocin and ADH from site of production to paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei

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18
Q

during a water deprivation test, thse pts demonstrate a significant increase in urine osmolarity

low serum Na levels

A

Primary polydipsia

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19
Q

tx for primary polydipsia

A

restrict water intake

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20
Q

cofactor needed to covert OAA to citrate

A

B5

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21
Q

causes hypogonadism by inhibiting the release of GnRH from hypothalamus

A

hyperprolactinemia

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22
Q

cause hyperprolactinemia by anti-dopaminergic action

A

risperidone

other antipsychotiscs

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23
Q

increased serum insulin
low c peptide
negative hypoglycemic drugs assay

A

exogenous insulin

24
Q

increased insulin
increased c peptide
positive hypoglycemic drug assay

A

oral hypoglycemic agents

25
increased insulin incraesed c peptide negative hypoglycemic drug assay
insulinoma
26
TNFa leads to decreased glucose uptake by affecting what rpocess in insulin dep glucose uptake
abberrant serine and threonin residue phsophorylation by serine kinase
27
releases vWF stored in endotehlium and is used to tx von willebrands diseease
desmopresin induces enothehlial procoagulatory protein release
28
increased test secretion or increased conversion of test to DHT
hirsutism
29
drugs used to tx hirsutism
Spironolactone Flutamide (inhibits bidning to test receptors) finasteride (5 alpha reductase inhibitor)
30
synthetic androgen used to tx endometriosis and herreditary angioedema
danazol
31
medroxyprogesterone
progesterone only contraceptive administered as IM once every 12 weeks
32
antiestrogen that interferes w/ NFB of estrogens on hypothalamus and pit used to tx infertility assoc w/ anovulation
clomiphene
33
alpha 2 andrenergic receptors affect on insulin secretion
INHIBIT
34
beta 2 adrenergic recepotrs affect on insulin secretion
STIMulate
35
Why does SNS stimulation lead to overall inhibition of insulin secretion
SNS stimulates alpha 2 mediated inhibitor affect on insulin
36
PNS stimulation of M2 receptors from site/smeel of food
promotes insulin secretion
37
isolated damage to post pit
transient central DI
38
damage to hypothalamic nuclei (paravent/supraoptic)
permanent central DI
39
subjects are allocated to seq of 2 or more tx consecutively washout period added to limit confounding effects of prior tx
Crossover study * pt serves as OWN control * bad- tx effect may carry over
40
select cases w/ a disease select contros w/out a disease determine preve exposure status
case control
41
46XX clitoromegaly partial fusion labioscrotal folds bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
21 alpha hydroxylase
42
progesterone > 11 deoxycorticosterone
21 alpha hydroylase
43
MC cause of CAH
21 hydroxylase
44
F w/ increased androgen levels> virilizaiton | M w/ normal genitalia presents later w/ salt wasting and precodcious puberty.
21 hydroxylase
45
high level of 17 hydroxy progesterone
diagnostic for 21 alpha hydroxylase
46
All pts appear phenotypically FEMALE d/t imapired androgen synthesis. Mineralcorticoid excess> salt retention/HTN
17 alpha hydroxylase
47
increases insulin resistance in overweight individuals
FFA | serum TGs
48
1 SD from mean
68%
49
2 SD from mean
95%
50
3 SD from mean
99.76
51
``` Elevated BP lack of secondary sex characteristics blind vagina hypokalemia low test/estradiol 46XY ```
17 alpha hydroxylase
52
boys appear phenotypically female girls develop normal genitlia hypogonadism HTN hypokalemia
17 alpha hydroxyalse def
53
Male appear normal and present w/ HTN and hypokalemia
11 b hydroxylase increased production of adrenal androgens
54
decreased eye movements (opthalmoplagia) unsteady gait (ataxia) homeless person alcohol intoxication
B1 def
55
B1 def would affect which enzyme in teh TCA cycle
alpha ketoglutarate DH *requires B1 as cofactor
56
administration of glucose to thiamine def pts (alcoholics)>
wernicke encephalopathy d/t increased thiamine demand

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