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Step 1 > Test 35- HRM > Flashcards

Test 35- HRM Flashcards

1
Q

helps to accelerate fetal lung maturation by stimulating surfactant production
can be assessed through amniocentesis

A

maternala dn fetal cortisol

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2
Q

blocks THYROID PEROXIDASE inhibiting hte oxidation of iodide and organifcation of iodine>
inhibition of thyroid hormone syntehsis

A

methimazole
propylthiouracil

*txs hyperthyroidism

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3
Q

thyroid medicaiton used in pregnancy to block peripheral conversion

A

PTU

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4
Q

protein modification
folding
transfer

well developed in PROTEIN SECRETING CELLS

A

RER

*ribosmes detaching from the ER would leads to LOF

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5
Q

lacks surface ribosomes
lipid syntehsis
carb metabolism
dextox harmful substances

A

SER

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6
Q

coverts ANDROGENS to ESTROGENS in ovaries, testes, placenta and peripheral tissues

A

aromatase

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7
Q 
def of this enzyme>
accumulation of androgens during pregnancy>
ambiguous gexternal genitalia in female infants and maternal virilization
A

placental aromatase def

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8
Q

decreased synthesis of DHT in male>

underdeveloped exernal genitalia

A

5 alpha reductase def

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9
Q

primary source of blood glucose after 12-18 hours

A

gluconeognesis

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10
Q

initial commited step of gluconeogenesis

A

pyruvate to OAA nad OAA to PEP

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11
Q

primary source of glucose for first 12 hours

A

glycogenolysis

Glycogen–> Glu1 P

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12
Q

pyruvate is converted to OAA by

A

pyruvate carboxylase (biotin)

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13
Q

coverts OAA to PEP

A

PEPCK

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14
Q

fructose 1,6 BP

glucose 6 phosphatase

A

2 other enzymes in gluconeogenesis that differ from glycolysis

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15
Q

GH stimulates bone, cartilage and soft tissue growth by stimulating the release of….

A

IGF-1 from the liver

(somatomedin C)

**increased during exercise and slleep

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16
Q

inhibitors of GH

A

glucose

somatostatine

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17
Q

carrier proteins for oxytocin and ADH

A

neurophysins carry oxytocin and ADH from site of production to paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei

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18
Q

during a water deprivation test, thse pts demonstrate a significant increase in urine osmolarity

low serum Na levels

A

Primary polydipsia

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19
Q

tx for primary polydipsia

A

restrict water intake

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20
Q

cofactor needed to covert OAA to citrate

A

B5

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21
Q

causes hypogonadism by inhibiting the release of GnRH from hypothalamus

A

hyperprolactinemia

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22
Q

cause hyperprolactinemia by anti-dopaminergic action

A

risperidone

other antipsychotiscs

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23
Q

increased serum insulin
low c peptide
negative hypoglycemic drugs assay

A

exogenous insulin

24
Q

increased insulin
increased c peptide
positive hypoglycemic drug assay

A

oral hypoglycemic agents

25
Q

increased insulin
incraesed c peptide
negative hypoglycemic drug assay

A

insulinoma

26
Q

TNFa leads to decreased glucose uptake by affecting what rpocess in insulin dep glucose uptake

A

abberrant serine and threonin residue phsophorylation by serine kinase

27
Q

releases vWF stored in endotehlium and is used to tx von willebrands diseease

A

desmopresin

induces enothehlial procoagulatory protein release

28
Q

increased test secretion or increased conversion of test to DHT

A

hirsutism

29
Q

drugs used to tx hirsutism

A

Spironolactone
Flutamide (inhibits bidning to test receptors)
finasteride (5 alpha reductase inhibitor)

30
Q

synthetic androgen used to tx endometriosis and herreditary angioedema

A

danazol

31
Q

medroxyprogesterone

A

progesterone only contraceptive administered as IM once every 12 weeks

32
Q

antiestrogen that interferes w/ NFB of estrogens on hypothalamus and pit

used to tx infertility assoc w/ anovulation

A

clomiphene

33
Q

alpha 2 andrenergic receptors affect on insulin secretion

A

INHIBIT

34
Q

beta 2 adrenergic recepotrs affect on insulin secretion

A

STIMulate

35
Q

Why does SNS stimulation lead to overall inhibition of insulin secretion

A

SNS stimulates alpha 2 mediated inhibitor affect on insulin

36
Q

PNS stimulation of M2 receptors from site/smeel of food

A

promotes insulin secretion

37
Q

isolated damage to post pit

A

transient central DI

38
Q

damage to hypothalamic nuclei (paravent/supraoptic)

A

permanent central DI

39
Q

subjects are allocated to seq of 2 or more tx consecutively

washout period added to limit confounding effects of prior tx

A

Crossover study

  • pt serves as OWN control
  • bad- tx effect may carry over
40
Q

select cases w/ a disease
select contros w/out a disease
determine preve exposure status

A

case control

41
Q

46XX
clitoromegaly
partial fusion labioscrotal folds
bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

A

21 alpha hydroxylase

42
Q

progesterone > 11 deoxycorticosterone

A

21 alpha hydroylase

43
Q

MC cause of CAH

A

21 hydroxylase

44
Q

F w/ increased androgen levels> virilizaiton

M w/ normal genitalia presents later w/ salt wasting and precodcious puberty.

A

21 hydroxylase

45
Q

high level of 17 hydroxy progesterone

A

diagnostic for 21 alpha hydroxylase

46
Q

All pts appear phenotypically FEMALE d/t imapired androgen synthesis.
Mineralcorticoid excess> salt retention/HTN

A

17 alpha hydroxylase

47
Q

increases insulin resistance in overweight individuals

A

FFA

serum TGs

48
Q

1 SD from mean

A

68%

49
Q

2 SD from mean

A

95%

50
Q

3 SD from mean

A

99.76

51
Q 
Elevated BP
lack of secondary sex characteristics
blind vagina
hypokalemia
low test/estradiol
46XY
A

17 alpha hydroxylase

52
Q

boys appear phenotypically female
girls develop normal genitlia

hypogonadism
HTN
hypokalemia

A

17 alpha hydroxyalse def

53
Q

Male appear normal and present w/ HTN and hypokalemia

A

11 b hydroxylase

increased production of adrenal androgens

54
Q

decreased eye movements (opthalmoplagia)
unsteady gait (ataxia)
homeless person
alcohol intoxication

A

B1 def

55
Q

B1 def would affect which enzyme in teh TCA cycle

A

alpha ketoglutarate DH

*requires B1 as cofactor

56
Q

administration of glucose to thiamine def pts (alcoholics)>

A

wernicke encephalopathy d/t increased thiamine demand

Step 1 (69 decks)

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