Test 52 Flashcards
hirschsprung disease
abnormal migraiton of NCC to the RECTUM!!!!!!
rectum is ALWAYS involved, sigmoid colon in 75% of cases
medication used for seizure prophylaxis and for bipolar
valproatea
anticonvulsants that are used as mood stabilizers in bipolar
carbamezipine
lamotrigine
abscence seizures
reduces Ca currents
ethosuximide
Lithium
acute and maintenance tx of bipolar
1st line tx for active seizures
acute anxiety
alcohol w/drawal
Lorazepam
NOT bipolar
cause of xEroderma pigmentosum
defect in DNA EXCISIONAL repair
increased sensitivity to UV radiation and high incidence of all forms of cutaneousmalignancy
xeroderma pigmentosum
RB
regulates cell cycle
retinoblastoma
osteosarcoma
DNA mismatch repair
HNPCC or lynch syndrome
oral admin of d xylose
(monosaccharide)
used to differentiate between malabsorption of pancreatic vs GI mucosal etiology
Tetanus immunization
toxoid that triggers produciton of antitoxin Abs (activve immunity)
chronic sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, REM phenomena
Narcolepsy
recurrent naps
brief loss of muscle tone
hallucinations
don’t feel refreshed after naps
persistent daytime sleepiness
hypersomnolence
don’t feel refreshed after naps
persistent daytime sleepiness
hypersomnolence
Promotes renal calculi
increased Ca, oxalate and uric acid promote salt crystalllization
prevents calculi formation
citrate
stone preventing effect, binds to free Ca and preents its precipitation and facilitates its excretion
prevents calculi formation
citrate
stone preventing effect, binds to free Ca and prevents its precipitation and facilitates its excretion
how do you dx thiamine deficiency
erythrocyte transketolase activity
B1 cofactor for waht enzymes
PDH
alpha ketoglutarate DH
transketolase
location of left ventricular leads
course through the coronary sinus in the AV groove on teh posterior aspect of the heart
PPV
TP/ (TP+FP)
PPV
TP/ (TP+FP)
hypoxemia in pulmonary vascular bed
vasoconstrictive response
MC lung cancer in general population
Adenocarcinoma
MC subtype of cancer in women and non smokers
Adenocarcionma
lung cancer that’s located peiropherally nad consists of tumor cells that forms glandular papillary structures
Adenocarcinoma
located centrally
necrosis and cavitation
smokers
hypercalcemia
SCC
Centrally located
smokers
cavitation
hypercalcemia
Small cell carcinoma
peripheral
gynecomastia
gaactorrhea
Large cell carcinoma
preferred tx for RA that can cause pianful mouth ulcers (stomatitis), nausea, and AST/ALT elevations
MTX
MC hereditary cause of renal failure in adults
ADPKD
HTN
hematuria
progressive renal failure
cerebral aneurysms
ADPKD
untreated GAS
RF
what causes RF
antigenic similarity between bacterial Ags and normal “self” Ags in heart and CNS
NSCLC EML4-ALK that results in a constituitively active TK that cuases malignancy is most similar to the pathophysiology of…
CML
NSCLC EML4-ALK that results in a constituitively active TK that cuases malignancy is most similar to the pathophysiology of…
CML
infant
subdural hematoma
bilateral retinal hemorrhages
shaken baby syndrome
infant
subdural hematoma
bilateral retinal hemorrhages
shaken baby syndrome
can cauase daytime drowsiness and increase the risk of falls in elderly
Benzos
*severity of SE depends on t1/2 of drug (long acting are more severe than short, but less likely to cause dependence)
Alprazolam
Traizolam
Oxazepam
short acting Benzos
less daytime drowsinesss (less risk of falls)
high risk of dependence
estazolam
lorazepam
temazepam
medium acting benzos w/ mod SE
Chlordizepoxide
Clorazepate
Diazepam
Flurazepam
longer action
high risk of FALLS
less w/drawal
DKA
low pH
low serum bicarb
low Pa CO2
high AG metabollic acidosis> compensatory respiratory alkalosis> Low PaCO2
DKA
low pH
low serum bicarb
low Pa CO2
high AG metabollic acidosis> compensatory respiratory alkalosis> Low PaCO2
major virulence factor for S. pyogenes
inhibits phagocytosis and complement activation
mediates bacterial adherence
protein M
posterior fossa mass in child
primitive cells and mitotic figures
sheets of small blue cells
medulloblastoma
MC brain neoplasm of child
rosenthal fibers
low grade
pilocytic astrocytoma
tumor in child that arises from walls of ventriculi and hampers CSF flow > hydrocephalus
cells form rosettes
ependyomas
tumor in child that arises from walls of ventriculi and hampers CSF flow > hydrocephalus
cells form rosettes
ependyomas
travels w/ the inferior thyroid a.
recurrent laryngeal nerve
*can be injured during thyroidectomy
travels w/ the inferior thyroid a.
recurrent laryngeal nerve
*can be injured during thyroidectomy
Chlamydia
ureaplasma
lack cell walls so can’t be treated w/ penicillins or cephalosporins
*use macrolides or tetracyclines
Factor 8 synthesized/stored where?
synthesized by liver and stored in endothelial cells
used for tx of mild-mod hemophelia A>
releases VWF and Factor 8 from endothelium
Desmopressin
MC malignancy in pts w/ exposure to asbestos
bronchogenic carcinoma*** esp in smokers
mesothelioma= rare malignancy of pleura
asbestos occurs w/
shipbulding
construciton
textiles
