Test 50 Flashcards
forms from the dorsal pancreatic bud
body, tail and most of head
forms from the ventral pancreatic bud
precursor of uncinate process
inferior/posterior portion of head
MAJOR pancreatic duct (of wirsung)
failure of dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds to fuse
pancreas divisum> pancreatic ductal systems remain separate w/ acessory duct draining majority of pancreas
glutamate residues of some proteins newly synthesized in the infants liver fail to be carboxylated.
Vit K
causes majority of DS
nondisjunction during meiosis I
Septic arthritis tx
immediate Ab tx w/ ceftriaxone
site that binds to the Fc receptors on neutrophils/mphages
Fc portion of heavy chain Ig
site for attachment to Ag
FAB
Afferent limb of light reflex pathway
optic nerve
efferent limb of light reflex pathway
PNS fibers of CN3
Damage to optic nerve> rxn to light?
light in eye that has damaged nerve will cause NEITHER pupil to react, but light in contralateral eye will cause both pupils to conract
Damage to optic nerve> rxn to light?
light in eye that has damaged nerve will cause NEITHER pupil to react, but light in contralateral eye will cause both pupils to conract
Pneumonia that rapidly clumps in the cold and uncoagulates in warmth
Mycoplasma
cold agglutinins
Abs specific for RBCs that cause agglutination/clumping of RBC at low temps
cold agglutinins
Abs specific for RBCs that cause agglutination/clumping of RBC at low temps
what else can cause cold agglutinins
EBV
hematologic malignancy
Jaw pain that starts in the middle of a meal
temporal arteritis
lumen of arteries narrow and can’t responsd to increased blood requirement during meal
used to dx pts w/ temporal arteritis
confirm dx
ESR
temporal artery biopsy
*corticosteroid tx to prevent vision loss
after onset of severe ischemia leading to MI, how long does it take for signs of coagulative necrosis to become apparent?
4 hrs after ONSET of MI
0-4 hrs after MI
minimal change
coagulation necrosis edema hemorrhage wavy fibers Neutrophils appear
4-12 hrs after MI
coagulation necrosis and marginal contraction band necrosis
12-24 hrs
coagulation necrosis and neutrophilic infiltrate
1-5 days
mphage phagocytosis of dead cells
5-10
graunulation tissue and neovascularization
10-14
collagen deposition
scar formation
2wks to 2 mos
delusional disorder
one or more delusions in abscence of other psychotic sxs lasts > 1 month
*function is not significantly impaired apart from direct impact of delusions
prominent peristalsis in infant w/ olive sized mass in abdomen
congenital pyloric stenosis d/t hypertorphy of pyloric muscularis
Volin=Volout
A1V1=A2V2
test to detect hyperreactivity in pts suspected of having asthma
methacholine airway challenge test
*FEV1/FVC is often reduced d/t increased expiratory flow resistance
superior mesenteric artery syndrome
transverse portion of hte duodenum is entrapped between the SMA and aorta> partial intestinal obstruction
cause of superior mesenteric artery syndrome
aortomesenteric angle critically decreases secondary to diminished fat, pronounced lordosis, surgical correction of scoliosis
cause of superior mesenteric artery syndrome
aortomesenteric angle critically decreases secondary to diminished fat, pronounced lordosis, surgical correction of scoliosis
positive skew
mean > median
negative skey
mode greater than mean
abdominal colic constipation HA lead line peirpheral neuropathy hypochromic anemia basophillic stippling
adult lead toxicity
batteries
alloys
ammmunition
mining, smelting chemical processing recycling spray painting radiator repair
Lead exposure
only pathogenic fungus w/ a polysaccharide capsule that appears RED on mucicarmine stain and has a clear unstained szone w/ india ink
cryptococcus neoformas
why does acyclovir not work for EBV/CMV
don’t produce the same thymidine kinase > decreased drug phosphorylation neccessary for activation
first line management of status epilepticus
Benzos
administered to prevent recurrence of seizures
phenytoin
mechanism of phenytoin
inhibits neuronal high frequency firing by reducing abiliby of Na channels to recover from activation
chelating agent used to tx arsenic poisoning
dimercaprol
CaNaEDTA
lead and mercury poisoning
Amyl nitrite
cyanide poisoning
Deferoxamine
iron poisoning
DMD mutation
X linked recessive myopathy d/t deletion of dytrophin gene
weakness of foot dorsiflexion
mutation of genes responsible for myelin syntehsis
Charcot marie tooth
ANP
secreted by atrial cardiomyocytes in response to atrial stretch induced by HTN/hypervolemia>
vasodilation adn increased urinary excretion of Na and Water
ANP
secreted by atrial cardiomyocytes in response to atrial stretch induced by HTN/hypervolemia>
vasodilation adn increased urinary excretion of Na and Water
which hepattis integrates into the host genome increasing hte risk for hepatocellular carcinoma
Hep B
*integrates DNA using RT
common compliation of acute pancreatitis
Pancreatic pseudocyst
what is a pancreatic pseudocyst
collection of fluid rich in enzymes/inflammatory depris w/ walls of granulation tissue and fibrosis
NOT lined by epithlieum
major determinant of forward to regurgitant flow ratio in pts w/ mitral regurgitation
LV afterload
how does decreasing afterload help w/ mitral regurgitation
increase forward flow while reducing regurgitatnt flow
