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Step 1 > Test 29 > Flashcards

Test 29 Flashcards

1
Q

first line drug for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine

you can also use baclofen and VA but they’re not first line choices

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2
Q

phenobarbital

A

tonic clonic seizures

1st line epilepsy drug in neonates

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3
Q

treats schizophrenia, acute psychoses, acute mania and tourettes

A

haloperidol

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4
Q

migraine prophylaxis and redution of portal venous pressure to prevent variceal belled

A

propranolol

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5
Q

gives rise to the collecting tubules, ducts, major and minor calyces, renal pelvisa nd ureters

A

ureteric bud

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6
Q 
gives rise to the:
glomeruli
Bowman's space
proximal tubules
loop of Henle
DCT
A

metanephric mesoderm

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7
Q

linkage disequilibrium

A

pair of alleles are inherited together in the same gamete more or less often than would be expected by random chance

measured in a POPULATION

*can occur even if genes are on different chromosomes

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8
Q

presence of mitochondrial disease is related to the proportion of abnormal to normal mitochondria in a pt’s cells

A

Heteroplasmy

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9
Q

occurrence of multiple phenoytypic manifestations that result from a single gene

A

pleiotropy

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10
Q

Changes in personality, social behavior and language that occurs over time and progresses to a more global dementia

A

frototermporal dementia (Pick’s)

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11
Q

hippocampus

A

inabijlity to form new memories (alz)

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12
Q

parietal cortex

A

integrates sensor information

gerstmann syndrome (r/L confusion, dysgraphia, dycalcula and finger agnosia

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13
Q

destruction of subthalamic nucleus

A

hemiballismus (involuntary flinging movements of extremities contralateral to the lesion)

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14
Q

inactivated version of influenza (shot)

A

induce neutralizing abs against hemagglutinin Ag

subsequent exposure of virus, Ab bind to hemaglutinin on host cell membrane and prevents viral cells from endocytosing

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15
Q

inactivated viral vaccines

A

generate a humoral immune response

RIP Always

Rabies
Influenza
Polio
hep A

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16
Q

live attenuated viral vaccines

A

strong cell mediated immune resopnse + provide humoral immunitygmnvf

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17
Q

pathogenesis of centriacinar emphysema assoc w/ chronic heavy smoking

A

release of proteinases (elastases) from infiltrating NEUTROPHILS and macrophages

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18
Q

detoxify inhaled substances by p450 mechanism

A

club cells

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19
Q

cause of dilated coronary sinus

A

coronary sinus communicates w/ the right atrium and can become dilated secondary to any factor that causes RIGHT atrial dilation

often this is pulm a. HTN which leads to elevated right heart pressures

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20
Q

organ that is NOT a gut derivative and forms from the mesodermal dorsal mesentery

A

spleen

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21
Q

esophagus through the second part of the duodenum
liver
gallbladder
portion of pancreas

A

foregut

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22
Q

<5 mm bruise

A

petechiae

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23
Q

5mm-1 cm bruise

A

purpura

24
Q

> 1 cm bruise

A

ecchymoses

25
Q

small, focal permanent dilations of superficial capillaries/venules. Blanch under pressure b/c RBC are confined to vasculature.

A

telangiectasias

26
Q

hematocrit > 52% in men and 48% in women

A

erythrocytosis

27
Q

polycythemia w/ normal RBC mass

A

Relative erythrocytosis

can be caused by aggressive diuretic therapy for heart failure exacerbation

28
Q

primary erythrocytosis

A

low EPO disoders (caused by MPDs like PCVera)

29
Q

Increased EPO levels d/t chronic hypoxia from high altitudes, somking, COPD

A

Secondary erythrocytosis

30
Q

zona glomerulosa

A

synthesizes mineralcorticoids

31
Q

HTN, profound muscle weakenss, HYPOkalemia an dmetabolic alkalosis w/ marked hypernatremia

A

excess mineralcorticoids

renin is usually low d/t hypervolemia!

hypokalemia> muscle weakeness

32
Q

isolated systolic HTN in elderly

A

age related decrease in complilance (stiffness of aorta)

33
Q

Bacillus anthracis toxin

A

edema factor

AC that causes massive INCREASE in intracellular cAMP>
neutrophil/macrophage dysfunction/tissue edema

34
Q

organism that has a similar toxin to bacillus anthracis

A

AC toxin produced by bordetella pertussis (impairs phagocytosis to permit survival of microbe)

35
Q

K eq if G is negative

A

K eq is GREATER than 1 and concentration of products is favored

36
Q

K eq if G is positive

A

Keq is LESS than 1 and formation of SUBSTRATES is favored

37
Q

how do you dx c. diff

A

toxins genes in the stool w/ PCR

38
Q

what can reverse the toxicity of methotrexate in GI mucosa and bone marrow

A

Leucovorin (folinic acid)

doesn’t require DHFR for conversion to THF

39
Q

Ondansetron

A

N/V after chemo

inhibits 5HT3 in area posteream and solitary nucleus

40
Q

FIlgrastim

A

G-CSF analog used to stimulate proliferatoin/differentiation of granulocytes in pts w/ neutropean

41
Q

Mesna

A

prevents HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS by binding acrolein

IN PTS getting cyclophosphagmide

42
Q

dexrazoxane

A

iron chelating agent that can prevent anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity

43
Q

amifostine

A

cytoprotective free radical scaveneger used to decrease cumulative nephrotoxicity

44
Q

confusion, agitation, tremor, tachycardia, hypertension, clonus, hyperthermia, diaphoresis caused by SSRI or Mao I

A

Serotonin syndrome

45
Q

Precursor for serotonin

A

Tryptophan

46
Q

precursor for thyroxine, DA, Epi, NE, melanin

A

tyrosine

47
Q

GABA precursor

A

glutamic acid

48
Q

histamine precursos

A

histidine

49
Q

precursor for syteine, carnitine, taurine, lecithin

A

methionine

50
Q

antitdote for serotonin syndrome

A

cyproheptadine

51
Q

benzo overdose

A

flumazenil

52
Q

Drug that can cause AV block (BRADYCARDIA), ventricular tachyarrythmias and HYPERKALEMIA

A

Digoxin

53
Q

inducing stimulation of AV node by vagus nerve causing slowing of conduction through AV node

A

common second line tx for a. fib

Digoxin

**hard to dose, so toxicity sxs are common

54
Q

gram positive cocci that produces dextrans from glucose that helps organisms to colonize host surfaces (dental enamel and heart valves)

A

viridans streptococci

55
Q

histological finding of A1AT def

A

reddish pink PAS granules of unsecreted polymerized A1AT in periportal hepatocytes

56
Q

Progressive exertional dyspnea, elevated liver enzymes, and liver biopsy that shows specimen w/ PAS staining

A

A1AT –decreased secretion d/t abnormal protein folding

can effect lung AND liver

lead to intraalveolar septal destruction

57
Q

hawthorne effect

A

tendency of study subjects to change behavior as a result of awareness fo being studied

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