Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physl Part 2 > Repro Physl 5 > Flashcards

Repro Physl 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What do the Fimbriae brush over?

A

The surface of each ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three parts of the female internal genitalia?

A
  • Uterus
  • Cervix
  • Vagina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the female external genitalia include?

A
  • Mons pubis
  • Labia majora
  • Labia minora
  • Clitoris
  • Vaginal vestibule
  • Vestibular glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the female homologue of the scrotum in males?

A

The labia majora

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the female homologue of the penis?

A

The clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the vaginal vestibule contain?

A

The opening of the vagina and the urethral opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Hymen?

A

A thin fold of mucous membrane partly overlying the vaginal opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the ovaries the site for?

A

Oogenesis and oocyte maturation and ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which sex hormones do the ovaries produce?

A
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Inhibin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the ovaries before ovulation?

A

Maturation of oocyte and endocrine function of ovaries in the follice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the function of the ovaries after ovulation?

A

Eggless follicle development into the corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do the eggs exist in?

A

Follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Primordial Follicle?

A

The earliest stage of development of an egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the order of development of an egg?

A
  • Primordial follicle
  • Primary follicle
  • Preantral follicle
  • Early antral follicle
  • Mature follicle/Graafian follicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When do primordial follicles progress to preantral and early antral stages?

A

Throughout infancy/childhood/menstrual phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the difference between a primordial follicle to a primary follicle?

A

There is proliferation of granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the difference between a primary follicle and a preantral follicle?

A

Prenantral follicles have many layers of granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do granulosa cells secrete?

A
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Inhibin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an early antral follicle characterized by?

A

The separation of the oocyte from the inner layer of granulosa cells by the zona pellucida and further proliferation of theca cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a zona pellucida?

A

A layer that contains glycoproteins for fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do Theca cells form?

A

The outer layer of the follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the fluid contained in the antrum of the early antral stage?

A

Antral fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When does a follicle proceed into the mature follicle stage?

A

If the follicle is chosen to complete final maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the mature follicle stage characterized by?

A

Profound proliferation of the theca and granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What changes in size during follicle growth?

A

The surrounding cells but not the ovum itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the cumulus oophorus?

A

The Granulosa cells that project into the antrum and hold the ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the inner layer of granulosa cells closely associated with?

A

The oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How is the inner layer of granulosa cells closely associated with an oocyte?

A
  • Through cytoplasmic processes/gap junctions

* Channels for nutrient and chemical messenger exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What do granulosa cells do for the ovum?

A

They support and nurture the growth and maturation of the ovum

30
Q

Why does the follicle grow?

A

By proliferation of granulosa cells

31
Q

What do the Theca cells respond to?

A

LH

32
Q

What do the theca cells stimulated by LH produce?

A

Estrogen

33
Q

What does the antrum form from?

A

The secretions of granulosa cells

34
Q

What happens with the preantral follicles at the beginning of a menstrual cycle?

A

10-25 follicles develop to larger antral follicles

35
Q

When is a dominant follicle chosen in a menstrual cycle?

A

After 1 week of the menstrual cycle

36
Q

How is the dominant follicle chosen?

A

By local estrogen secretion

37
Q

What does a greater number of granulosa cells mean?

A

More estrogen can be produced

38
Q

Why does the high local estrogen secretion of the dominant follicle do to the follicle?

A
  • It acts in a paracrine function to simulate more estrogen receptors making it more susceptible
  • Estrogen will stimulate the expression of more FSH receptors
39
Q

Which cells does LH act on?

A

Theca cells

40
Q

Which cells does FSH act on?

A

Granulosa cells

41
Q

What is the function of granulosa cells?

A

To nurture the ovum

42
Q

What causes the enlargement of the dominant follicle?

A

Increased antral fluid

43
Q

When does the primary oocyte complete its first meiotic division?

A

At ovulation

44
Q

What happens to the ovum at ovulation?

A

It becomes free from the cumulus oophorus

45
Q

What day of the cycle does ovulation occur?

A

The 14th day

46
Q

What does the antral fluid do at ovulation?

A

It causes pressure on the ovary and aids the movement of the ovum onto the surface of the ovary

47
Q

What does the fimbriae do?

A

Brushes ovary the surface of the ovary to get the mature ovum to enter the fallopian tube

48
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

In the oviduct/fallopian tube

49
Q

What happens to the granulosa and theca cells after ovulation?

A

It forms the corpus luteum

50
Q

What kind of organ is the corpus luteum?

A

An endocrine organ

51
Q

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

A

Estrogen, progesterone and inhibin

52
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if the ovum is not fertilized by a sperm cell?

A

It reaches max development in 10 days

53
Q

What triggers menstruation?

A

The loss of endocrine secretions from the degenerated corpus luteum

54
Q

What is the length of the average menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

55
Q

What are the two phases of the menstrual cycle?

A
  • Follicular phase

* Luteal phase

56
Q

What occurs during the follicular phase?

A

The follicles begin to develop and then one becomes the dominant follicle and develops into the secondary oocyte

57
Q

What is the midpoint of the menstrual cycle?

A

Ovulation

58
Q

What is the luteal phase?

A

The part of the menstrual cycle that occurs after ovulation and until the death of the corpus luteum

59
Q

What does GnRH do?

A

Acts at the anterior pituitary to stimulate the release of gonadotropins FSH and LH

60
Q

What does the degeneration of the corpus luteum do?

A

Causes loss of estrogen and progesterone

61
Q

What are the levels of LH and FSH (gonadotropins) in the follicular phase?

A

Both FSH (higher than LH) and LH slowly increase as the follicle develops. But as the mature graafian follicle matures LH rises

62
Q

What causes the rise in LH at the end of the follicular phase?

A

High estrogen from the follicle mediates a positive feedback effect on the anterior pituitary to release LH (LH Surge)

63
Q

When does the LH surge occur?

A

24 hours before ovulation

64
Q

What is required for Ovulation?

A

An LH surge

65
Q

What are estrogen levels at the start of the menstrual cycle?

A

They are low because the corpus luteum has degenerated

66
Q

What causes the rise of estrogen in the follicular phase?

A

Proliferation of granulosa cells under the direction of FSH that are producing estrogen

67
Q

What happens when there is a consistent rise of estrogen in the follicular phase?

A

It produces a positive feedback at the hypothalamus which then produces more LH and FSH

68
Q

What happens to estrogen after ovulation?

A

There is a dip in estrogen levels because the corpus luteum hasn’t developed yet to produce estrogen

69
Q

What are the levels of progesterone in the follicular phase?

A

There is really no progesterone in the follicular phase

70
Q

When does progesterone get to be produced?

A

After ovulation

Physl Part 2 (96 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions