GI 14 Flashcards
What is Digestion?
The process of breaking down large particles of food high-molecular weight substances into small molecules
What is Absorption?
The movements of the products of digestion across the intestinal epithelium of the body
What are the three macronutrients?
- Fats
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
What is the most common carbohydrate?
Glucose
What are the many different forms of dietary carbohydrates?
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysaccharides
How is glucose stored in the body?
As glycogen
What is Gluconeogenesis?
Production of glucose from non-carbohydrates
Where do non-digestible carbohydrates usually come from?
Plants sources (fiber)
What are two types of Monosaccharides?
Glucose and Fructose
What are three types of Disaccharides?
- Maltose
- Lactose
- Sucrose
What are some examples of polysaccharides?
Starch and Glycogen
What is an example of a non-digestible carbohydrate that the body can’t digest?
Cellulose
Why is Amylose easier to breakdown than Cellulose?
Because Amylose ahs all is bonds on the same side so catalytic enzymes have easier access to these bonds to cleave them where in cellulose the bonds are on alternating sides
What is the most abundant dietary fat?
Triglycerides
What is the composition of triglycerides?
It has a glycerol and three fatty acid chains
What is the structural difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids can pack together tightly whereas those with double bonds cannot pack together tightly
What will cause a fat to be liquid at room temperature?
The presence of unsaturated bonds
What is protein the major source of building blocks for?
- Biological functions
- New proteins
- Neurotransmitters
What is the primary structure of proteins?
Linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
What is the secondary structure of proteins?
Structural motifs in a polypeptide chain; alpha helices and beta pleated sheets
What is the tertiary structure of proteins?
Three dimensional structure formed by polypeptide chain
What are the quaternary structures of proteins?
Complexes with multiple polypeptide chains; hemoglobin
What is an example of a quaternary strucutre?
Hemoglobin
What are examples of supramolecular protein assemblies?
- Protein complexes
- Myofilaments
- Collagen fibrils
