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Physl Part 2 > Renal Physl 17 > Flashcards

Renal Physl 17 Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal body pH?

A

7.4

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2
Q

What do we measure to asses the whole body pH?

A

The pH of the plasma

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3
Q

What happens to neurons if pH is too low?

A

Neurons are less excitable, and CNS depression occurs

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4
Q

What happens to neurons if pH is too high?

A

Neurons are highly excitable

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5
Q

What is the largest source of H+ ions?

A

Acid production from carbon dioxide during aerobic respiration

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6
Q

How is acid produced in aerobic respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide from respiration combines with water to form carbonic acid which then dissociates into hydrogen ion and bicarbonate ion

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7
Q

What are the three key process in pH homeostasis?

A
  • Buffer systems
  • Ventilation
  • Renal regulation of hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
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8
Q

What do buffers do?

A

Prevent large fluctuations in pH

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9
Q

What is a buffer?

A

A molecule that can modulate pH in response to a disturbance

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10
Q

How do buffers tend to modulate pH?

A

By combining with hydrogen ions or releasing hydrogen ions

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11
Q

What is the first, second, and third line of defense in pH homeostasis?

A

1st - Buffer systems
2nd - Ventilation
3rd - Renal regulation

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12
Q

Where are buffers of the body located?

A
  • In cells

* In circulating plasma

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13
Q

What kind of buffers are located in cells?

A
  • Cellular proteins
  • Phosphate ions
  • Hemoglobin
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14
Q

What kind of buffers are located in plasma?

A

HCO3-

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15
Q

What happens to bicarbonate ions for every hydrogen ion?

A

For every hydrogen ion a bicarbonate remains in the RBC

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16
Q

How can a bicarbonate ion leave the RBC?

A

In exchange from a chloride ion

17
Q

What is chloride shift?

A

When for every bicarbonate ion able to leave the RBC a chloride ion enters

18
Q

What represents the most important extracellular buffer system in the body?

A

Large amounts of plasma bicarbonate produced from metabolic carbon dioxide

19
Q

What are bicarbonate ions in the plasma able to buffer?

A

Hydrogen ions from non respiratory sources like metabolism

20
Q

How would an increase in carbon dioxide affect the reaction?

A

It would cause an increase in hydrogen and bicarbonate ions decreasing pH

21
Q

How would an increase in hydrogen ions shift the equation?

A

Bicarbonate ions bind with the H+ to form carbonic acid and both carbon dioxide and water increase

22
Q

How does an increase in carbon dioxide affect ventilation?

A

It increases ventilation

23
Q

What can acidosis induce in the lungs?

A

Respiratory compensation

24
Q

What is ventilation?

A

A homeostatic approach for adjusting pH

25
Q

What can stimulate respiratory compensation?

A

Hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide

26
Q

What directly alters ventilation at the carotid and aortic chemoreceptors?

A

Plasma hydrogen ion levels

27
Q

What stimulates chemoreceptors?

A

Increased hydrogen ions

28
Q

What does stimulation of chemoreceptors by hydrogen ions do?

A

Sends information to medullary control centers which stimulates the muscles of ventilation and increase the rate and depth of breathing

29
Q

What does increased ventilation permit?

A

Loss of carbon dioxide at the lungs and conversion of hydrogen ions to carbon dioxide and water in order to restore pH

30
Q

Why don’t central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata respond directly to hydrogen ions?

A

Because H+ does not cross the blood brain barrier

31
Q

What happens to the pH and carbon dioxide if ventilation is depressed in hypoventilation?

A

Carbon dioxide increases and causes an acidotic state

32
Q

What happens to the pH and carbon dioxide if ventilation is increased in hyperventilation?

A

Carbon dioxide is decreased and pH increases

Physl Part 2 (96 decks)

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