Endocrinology 11 Flashcards
What syndrome do you get from too much Aldosterone?
Conn’s syndrome
What syndrome do you get with too little aldosterone?
Addisons disease
What disease do you get with too much cortisol?
Cushing’s disease
What condition do you get with too little cortisol?
Addisons disease
What does too much aldosterone cause?
- Increase in ECF
- Increase in BP
- Hypokalemia (potassium deficiency)
- Metabolic alkalosis
What does too little aldosterone cause (Addison’s disease)
- Hypotension
- Metabolic acidosis
- Hyperkalemia
What does too much cortisol cause in cushing’s disease?
- Increase blood glucose
- Muscle wasting
- Moon face
- Buffalo hump
- Increased resistance to infection
What does too little cortisol cause in Addison’s disease?
- Decreased blood glucose
* Increase skin pigmentation
What is Virilization?
Acondition in which a female develops characteristics associated with male hormones (androgens)
What does too much androgens cause?
Virilization
What does too little androgens cause?
A decrease in sexual hair growth and a decrease in libido
What does the adrenal medulla synthesize?
Catechoamines
What is the precursor molecule to Catecholamines?
Tyrosin
What is the order of Tyrosine all the way to adrenaline?
- Tyrosine
- Dopa
- Dopamine
- Noradrenaline
- Adrenaline
How do Adrenaline and Noradrenaline affect the cardiovascular system?
- Increase heart rate
- Increase force of contraction
- Increase cardiac output
- Increase blood pressure
- Redistribute blood flow
How do Adrenal and Noradrenaline affect smooth muscle?
- Dilation of pupils
- Bronchodilation
- Decrease in GIT motility
How do Adrenaline and Noradrenaline affect metabolism?
- They increase Glycogenolysis (skeletal muscle and liver)
- They increase Lipolysis
- Increase gluconeogenesis
What is the adrenal portion of the adrenal medulla innervated by?
The Splanchnic nerve
What kind of nerve is the Splanchnic nerve?
It is a sympathetic preganglionic nerve
What are the sympathetic postganglionic fibers that the Splanchnic nerve would have equivalent to?
The chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla
What kind of cells are located in the adrenal medulla?
Chromaffin cells
What are Chromaffin cells the site of production for?
Noradrenaline and Adrenaline
What are chromaffin cells the site of production for?
Adrenaline and noradrenaline
What are chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla innervated by?
The Splanchnic nerve
What neurotransmitter stimulates chromaffin cells?
Acetylcholine
Why is noradrenaline both a neurotransmitter and hormone?
Because it can be released from chromaffin cells or it can be released from sympathetic postganglionic fibres
