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Physl Part 2 > Endocrinology 7 and 8 > Flashcards

Endocrinology 7 and 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are two important posterior pituitary hormones?

A
  • ADH (antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin)

* Oxytocin

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2
Q

What is the major source of Antidiuretic hormone?

A

SON

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3
Q

What is the major source of Oxytocin?

A

PVN

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4
Q

What is the target of ADH?

A
  • Kidney

* Blood Vessels

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5
Q

What is the target of Oxytocin?

A
  • Uterus

* Mammary glnda

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6
Q

What cells do ADH act on in the kidneys?

A

Principle cells

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7
Q

Which receptor do ADH bind to?

A

The ADH receptor V2

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8
Q

What kind of receptor is the ADH V2 receptor?

A

A G-protein linked receptor

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9
Q

What does the binding of ADH to the receptor do?

A

Increases the amount of cAMP

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10
Q

What is the purpose of ADH?

A

To cause the insertion of water channels into the cell to allow water to be reabsorbed

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11
Q

Where on the cell are ADH receptors?

A

On the basal side

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12
Q

What does Vasopressin/ADH do?

A

It binds to the receptor on the basal membrane of cells lining the lumen and it is g-protein-linked and increases cAMP. This then increases pka which causes water channels (aquaporin two) to be inserted into the apical side to allow water to diffuse out and be reabsorbed

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13
Q

How does ADH affect Blood Volume and Pressure?

A

It decreases osmotic pressure on ECF by increasing volume of ECF and blood pressure

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14
Q

What causes increased release of ADH?

A
  • An increase in osmotic pressure

* Decrease in BP and extracellular fluid

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15
Q

What receptors stimulate the brain to release ADH?

A
  • Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detecting increased osmotic pressure of ECF
  • Baroreceptors in the cardiovascular system detecting decreased volume of ECF and BP
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16
Q

What can happen if there is too much ADH?

A

There will be increased H2O retention and increased blood volume

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17
Q

What can happen if there is too little ADH?

A
  • Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus

* Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

18
Q

What is Central or Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Lack of ADH; large volume of dilute urine

19
Q

What is Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Abnormal ADH receptors in the kidney; a large volume of Dilute urine

20
Q

What are the two major roles that oxytocin plays a part in?

A
  • Parturition

* Lactation

21
Q

What is the stimulus for the increased release of oxytocin?

A

The stretching of the cervix

22
Q

What are the two main regions of the adrenal gland?

A

The outer cortex and the inner medulla

23
Q

What are the three regions of the cortex from top to bottom?

A
  • Zona Glomerulosa
  • Zona Fasciculata
  • Zona Reticularis
24
Q

What kind of cells does medulla contain?

A

Chromaffin cells

25
What kind of hormones does the Glomerulosa produce?
Mineralcorticoids
26
What is an example of a mineralocorticoid?
Aldosterone
27
What hormone family does the Fasciculata produce?
Glucocorticoids
28
What is an example of a Glucocorticoids?
Cortisol
29
What hormone family does the Reticularis produce?
Androgens
30
What are examples of Androgens?
DHEA, Androsteredione
31
What is the main function of Mineralocorticoids?
To control salts/electrolyte levels
32
What is the main function of Glucocorticoids?
Control Carbohydrates
33
What is the starting material for steroid hormones?
Cholesterol
34
What is cholesterol converted to when making corticosteroids?
Pregnenolone
35
What is Pregnenolone converted to when making corticosteroids?
Progesterone
36
What are the major actions of Aldosterone on?
Electrolytes and water
37
What are the four effects of Aldosterone?
* Increased Na+ reabsorption by the kidney * Increased H2O reabsorption by kidney * Increased K+ secretion by kidney (K+ is lost) * Increase H_ secretion by kidney (H+ is lost)
38
Can Aldosterone go into the cell?
Yes because it is a steroid hormone
39
How does Aldosterone cause its effects on Na+?
It causes the sodium channels on the apical membrane to be more active and allow sodium to diffuse back into the cell
40
How does Aldosterone cause its effects on K+?
It causes potassium channels on the apical membrane to be more active and cause K+ to move out of the cell
41
How does Aldosterone combine its effects on H+?
It increases the activity of a Na+-H+ exchanger on the apical membrane which transports Na+ into the cell and H+ out of the cell into the lumen

Physl Part 2 (96 decks)

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