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Physl Part 2 > Endocrinology 7 and 8 > Flashcards

Endocrinology 7 and 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are two important posterior pituitary hormones?

A
  • ADH (antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin)

* Oxytocin

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2
Q

What is the major source of Antidiuretic hormone?

A

SON

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3
Q

What is the major source of Oxytocin?

A

PVN

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4
Q

What is the target of ADH?

A
  • Kidney

* Blood Vessels

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5
Q

What is the target of Oxytocin?

A
  • Uterus

* Mammary glnda

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6
Q

What cells do ADH act on in the kidneys?

A

Principle cells

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7
Q

Which receptor do ADH bind to?

A

The ADH receptor V2

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8
Q

What kind of receptor is the ADH V2 receptor?

A

A G-protein linked receptor

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9
Q

What does the binding of ADH to the receptor do?

A

Increases the amount of cAMP

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10
Q

What is the purpose of ADH?

A

To cause the insertion of water channels into the cell to allow water to be reabsorbed

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11
Q

Where on the cell are ADH receptors?

A

On the basal side

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12
Q

What does Vasopressin/ADH do?

A

It binds to the receptor on the basal membrane of cells lining the lumen and it is g-protein-linked and increases cAMP. This then increases pka which causes water channels (aquaporin two) to be inserted into the apical side to allow water to diffuse out and be reabsorbed

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13
Q

How does ADH affect Blood Volume and Pressure?

A

It decreases osmotic pressure on ECF by increasing volume of ECF and blood pressure

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14
Q

What causes increased release of ADH?

A
  • An increase in osmotic pressure

* Decrease in BP and extracellular fluid

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15
Q

What receptors stimulate the brain to release ADH?

A
  • Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detecting increased osmotic pressure of ECF
  • Baroreceptors in the cardiovascular system detecting decreased volume of ECF and BP
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16
Q

What can happen if there is too much ADH?

A

There will be increased H2O retention and increased blood volume

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17
Q

What can happen if there is too little ADH?

A
  • Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus

* Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

18
Q

What is Central or Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Lack of ADH; large volume of dilute urine

19
Q

What is Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Abnormal ADH receptors in the kidney; a large volume of Dilute urine

20
Q

What are the two major roles that oxytocin plays a part in?

A
  • Parturition

* Lactation

21
Q

What is the stimulus for the increased release of oxytocin?

A

The stretching of the cervix

22
Q

What are the two main regions of the adrenal gland?

A

The outer cortex and the inner medulla

23
Q

What are the three regions of the cortex from top to bottom?

A
  • Zona Glomerulosa
  • Zona Fasciculata
  • Zona Reticularis
24
Q

What kind of cells does medulla contain?

A

Chromaffin cells

25
Q

What kind of hormones does the Glomerulosa produce?

A

Mineralcorticoids

26
Q

What is an example of a mineralocorticoid?

A

Aldosterone

27
Q

What hormone family does the Fasciculata produce?

A

Glucocorticoids

28
Q

What is an example of a Glucocorticoids?

A

Cortisol

29
Q

What hormone family does the Reticularis produce?

A

Androgens

30
Q

What are examples of Androgens?

A

DHEA, Androsteredione

31
Q

What is the main function of Mineralocorticoids?

A

To control salts/electrolyte levels

32
Q

What is the main function of Glucocorticoids?

A

Control Carbohydrates

33
Q

What is the starting material for steroid hormones?

A

Cholesterol

34
Q

What is cholesterol converted to when making corticosteroids?

A

Pregnenolone

35
Q

What is Pregnenolone converted to when making corticosteroids?

A

Progesterone

36
Q

What are the major actions of Aldosterone on?

A

Electrolytes and water

37
Q

What are the four effects of Aldosterone?

A
  • Increased Na+ reabsorption by the kidney
  • Increased H2O reabsorption by kidney
  • Increased K+ secretion by kidney (K+ is lost)
  • Increase H_ secretion by kidney (H+ is lost)
38
Q

Can Aldosterone go into the cell?

A

Yes because it is a steroid hormone

39
Q

How does Aldosterone cause its effects on Na+?

A

It causes the sodium channels on the apical membrane to be more active and allow sodium to diffuse back into the cell

40
Q

How does Aldosterone cause its effects on K+?

A

It causes potassium channels on the apical membrane to be more active and cause K+ to move out of the cell

41
Q

How does Aldosterone combine its effects on H+?

A

It increases the activity of a Na+-H+ exchanger on the apical membrane which transports Na+ into the cell and H+ out of the cell into the lumen

Physl Part 2 (96 decks)

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