GI 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of the mouth?

A
  • Mechanical breakdown of food
  • Preparation for swallowing
  • Onset of digestion
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2
Q

How does the mouth mechanically breakdown food?

A

By mastication (chewing)

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3
Q

Which facilitates the mastication in the mouth?

A

Teeth and facial muscle

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4
Q

How does the mouth prepare food for swallowing?

A

By moistening of the food bolus using saliva

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5
Q

How does the mouth begin the onset of digestion?

A

Through enzymatic breakdown of carbohydrates with salivary amylase

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6
Q

What is a muscle that helps with mastication?

A

The masseter

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7
Q

What does Salivary amylase breakdown?

A

Carbohydrates

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8
Q

What is the breakdown due to Amylase more to do with?

A

Taste rather than digestion and absorption

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9
Q

What is the swallowing reflex under the control of?

A

The autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

What is swallowing initiated by?

A

The voluntary collection of the food bolus into the pharynx by the tongue

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11
Q

What is the Oral Phase of swallowing?

A

The voluntary collection of the food bolus into the pharynx by the tongue

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12
Q

What are the three phases of swallowing?

A
  • Oral Phase
  • Pharyngeal Phase
  • Esophageal Phase
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13
Q

What occurs in the Pharyngeal phase of Swallowing?

A

Involuntary contraction of the pharyngeal muscles that push the bolus into the esophagus

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14
Q

What occurs during the esophageal phase?

A

The bolus driven down by the esophagus by peristaltic contraction

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15
Q

Aside from swallowing, what does the swallowing reflex include?

A

The closure of the Glottis and inhibition of respiration

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16
Q

What occurs in the closure of the glottis?

A

The trachea raises up

17
Q

What prevents food from entering the nasal passage?

A

The soft palate elevates

18
Q

What prevents food from entering the nasal passage?

A

The elevation of the soft palate

19
Q

Which sphincter relaxes during swallowing?

A

The upper esophageal sphincter

20
Q

What did Horace Fletcher beleive?

A

That chewing your food hundreds of times would increase nutrient absorption. This was false.

21
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A
  • Store ingested material
  • Continue digestion
  • Regulate emptying into the small intestine
22
Q

Which sphincter opens when food enters the esophagus?

A

The lower esophageal sphincter

23
Q

What two types of digestion occur in the stomach?

A

Mechanical and Chemical

24
Q

What is mechanical digestion in the stomach facilitated by?

A

Rugae and peristaltic waves

25
What facilitates chemical digestion in the stomach?
HCl and Pepsin
26
What does HCl in the stomach do?
* Denatures proteins | * Cleaves pepsinogen to pepsin
27
What does Pepsin in the stomach do?
Breaks down proteins
28
What is the inactive precursor of pepsin?
Pepsinogen
29
What converts pepsinogen to pepsin?
HCl