Endocrinology 21 Flashcards
1
Q
What can cause too much insulin?
A
- insulin-secreting tumor
* Insulin overdose
2
Q
What are the consequences of too much insulin?
A
- Lowering blood glucose level (hypoglycemia)
- Effectors on the brain cause autonomic and hormonal responses
- Person become hungry, confused and drowsy and may go into a coma
3
Q
What occurs in type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A
- Autoimmune disease
- Beta cells are destroyed
- Absolute insulin deficiency
- Mainly seen in young people 5-10% of cases
4
Q
What occurs in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A
- Increased resistance to insulin
- Initial increase in insulin secretion
- Relative insulin deficiency
- Strong association with obesity
- More common in adults
5
Q
What are the issues with diabetes mellitus?
A
- Abnormalities in carbs, fat, and protein metabolism
* Many tissues are starving because they cant take up glucose
6
Q
What is the hallmark of diabetes mellitus?
A
Hyperglycemia
7
Q
How is glucose in insulin independent tissues affected by diabetes mellitus?
A
They have increased levels of glucose because it just moves into the cells down the concentration gradient
8
Q
What are some potential treatments for type 1 diabetes?
A
- Pancreatic transplant
- Gene therapy
- Increase growth of new islet cells
- Administration of insuli
9
Q
What are some potential treatments for type 2 diabetes?
A
- Dietary control and exercise
- Drugs which increase insulin secretion and/or response to insulin
- Insulin
10
Q
How does increased blood glucose affect the urine?
A
Increased excretion of glucose followed by water increases urine output
