GI 5 Flashcards
What are the three sections of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
What is the primary site for digestion and absorption?
The small intestine
What is the small intestine specialized for?
To maximize food ingestion
What is digestion aided by in the small intestine?
Hydrolytic enzymes that breakdown dietary macromolecules
What are the dietary macromolecules?
Proteins, Fats, Carbohydrates
What is absorption in the small intestine facilitated by?
Its large surface area
What sphincters does the small intestine start and end with?
The pyloric sphincter and the ileocecal sphincter
What digestion starts in the stomach?
Breaking large proteins and mechanically breaking up the food bolus
What increases the surface area of the small intestine?
The circular folds, villi, and microvilli
What are found within villi?
Blood vessels and lacteals with lymph
What is the brush border?
The microvilli on the villi
What is the function of the large intestine?
To store and concentrate digesting material prior to its excretion
Anatomically, what is the first part of the large intestine?
The Cecum
What are the parts of the large intestine in order?
- Cecum
- Appendix
- Ascending Colon
- Transverse Colon
- Descending Colon
- Sigmoid Colon
- Rectum
Why do other organisms have large Colons?
To aid in cellulose digestion ex. Plant Carbohydrates that humans are bad a digesting
What are the thoughts surrounding the appendix?
It was thought to be vestigial but is now thought to be a haven for gut bacteria
What does the Ascending, Transverse, Descending and Sigmoid colon do?
- Absorb ions and water
* Bacteria metabolism
How does the Appendix work?
Acts as a haven for gut bacteria when there is an upset that flushes out a lot of the bacteria, the healthy reserve of gut bacteria can spread out and repopulate the large intestine
What is the function of the rectum?
Hold the feces prior to defecation
What are the three salivary glands?
- Parotid
- Sublingual
- Submandibular
What do the Salivary Glands secrete?
- Water and mucus
* Amylase
What does does Amylase in saliva do?
Begins digestion of carbohydrates into smaller units
What is the function of the Salivary Glands?
Moisten and lubricate food so its more easily swallowed and passed down the esophagus
What does the gallbladder empty into and via what?
The common bile duct
What three things does the liver secrete?
- Bile salts
- Bicarbonate
- Organic waste products and trace metals
What do the bile salts secreted by the liver do?
Facilitate fat digestion
What does the Bicarbonate secreted by the liver do?
Neutralize acidic chyme coming from the stomach
What does the Organic Waste excreted by the liver do?
Get eliminated in feces
What does the Gallbladder do?
Stores bile, concentrates it, and releases it during feeding
Which part of the small intestine does the liver secrete into?
The duodeum
Which systems is the pancreas apart of?
The digestive and endocrine
Which part of the pancreas is part of the digestive system?
The exocrine portion, Centroacinar cells
Which part of the pancreas is part of the endocrine system?
The Islets of Langerhans
What are the secretions of the Pancreas?
- Bicarbonate
* Digestive enzymes
What is the function of the bicarbonate secreted by the Pancreas?
Neutralize the acidity of chyme
What is the function of the digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas?
Breakdown different macronutrients
Which digestive enzyme from the pancreas breaks down carbohydrates?
Pancreatic amylase
Which digestive enzymes from the pancreas breaks down Protein?
Trypsin, Chymotrypsin
Which digestive enzyme from the pancreas breaks down Fat?
Pancreatic Lipase
What digestive enzymes are released from the pancreas?
Pancreatic amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic lipase
