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Physl Part 2 > GI 5 > Flashcards

GI 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three sections of the small intestine?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
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2
Q

What is the primary site for digestion and absorption?

A

The small intestine

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3
Q

What is the small intestine specialized for?

A

To maximize food ingestion

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4
Q

What is digestion aided by in the small intestine?

A

Hydrolytic enzymes that breakdown dietary macromolecules

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5
Q

What are the dietary macromolecules?

A

Proteins, Fats, Carbohydrates

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6
Q

What is absorption in the small intestine facilitated by?

A

Its large surface area

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7
Q

What sphincters does the small intestine start and end with?

A

The pyloric sphincter and the ileocecal sphincter

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8
Q

What digestion starts in the stomach?

A

Breaking large proteins and mechanically breaking up the food bolus

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9
Q

What increases the surface area of the small intestine?

A

The circular folds, villi, and microvilli

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10
Q

What are found within villi?

A

Blood vessels and lacteals with lymph

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11
Q

What is the brush border?

A

The microvilli on the villi

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12
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

To store and concentrate digesting material prior to its excretion

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13
Q

Anatomically, what is the first part of the large intestine?

A

The Cecum

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14
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine in order?

A
  • Cecum
  • Appendix
  • Ascending Colon
  • Transverse Colon
  • Descending Colon
  • Sigmoid Colon
  • Rectum
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15
Q

Why do other organisms have large Colons?

A

To aid in cellulose digestion ex. Plant Carbohydrates that humans are bad a digesting

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16
Q

What are the thoughts surrounding the appendix?

A

It was thought to be vestigial but is now thought to be a haven for gut bacteria

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17
Q

What does the Ascending, Transverse, Descending and Sigmoid colon do?

A
  • Absorb ions and water

* Bacteria metabolism

18
Q

How does the Appendix work?

A

Acts as a haven for gut bacteria when there is an upset that flushes out a lot of the bacteria, the healthy reserve of gut bacteria can spread out and repopulate the large intestine

19
Q

What is the function of the rectum?

A

Hold the feces prior to defecation

20
Q

What are the three salivary glands?

A
  • Parotid
  • Sublingual
  • Submandibular
21
Q

What do the Salivary Glands secrete?

A
  • Water and mucus

* Amylase

22
Q

What does does Amylase in saliva do?

A

Begins digestion of carbohydrates into smaller units

23
Q

What is the function of the Salivary Glands?

A

Moisten and lubricate food so its more easily swallowed and passed down the esophagus

24
Q

What does the gallbladder empty into and via what?

A

The common bile duct

25
Q

What three things does the liver secrete?

A
  • Bile salts
  • Bicarbonate
  • Organic waste products and trace metals
26
Q

What do the bile salts secreted by the liver do?

A

Facilitate fat digestion

27
Q

What does the Bicarbonate secreted by the liver do?

A

Neutralize acidic chyme coming from the stomach

28
Q

What does the Organic Waste excreted by the liver do?

A

Get eliminated in feces

29
Q

What does the Gallbladder do?

A

Stores bile, concentrates it, and releases it during feeding

30
Q

Which part of the small intestine does the liver secrete into?

A

The duodeum

31
Q

Which systems is the pancreas apart of?

A

The digestive and endocrine

32
Q

Which part of the pancreas is part of the digestive system?

A

The exocrine portion, Centroacinar cells

33
Q

Which part of the pancreas is part of the endocrine system?

A

The Islets of Langerhans

34
Q

What are the secretions of the Pancreas?

A
  • Bicarbonate

* Digestive enzymes

35
Q

What is the function of the bicarbonate secreted by the Pancreas?

A

Neutralize the acidity of chyme

36
Q

What is the function of the digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas?

A

Breakdown different macronutrients

37
Q

Which digestive enzyme from the pancreas breaks down carbohydrates?

A

Pancreatic amylase

38
Q

Which digestive enzymes from the pancreas breaks down Protein?

A

Trypsin, Chymotrypsin

39
Q

Which digestive enzyme from the pancreas breaks down Fat?

A

Pancreatic Lipase

40
Q

What digestive enzymes are released from the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatic lipase

Physl Part 2 (96 decks)

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