METOCLOPRAMIDE Flashcards
DRUG CLASS
anti-emetics
HOW DOES THIS WORK? (2, 3)
- blocks D2 receptors (dopamine)
- consequently promoting gastric emptying
- they stimulate chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
- and reduce gut motility
- reducing nausea and vomitting
What is nausea and vomiting triggered by? (5)
- gut irritation
- drugs
- motion
- vestibular disorders
- senses –> sights, smells and emotions
Where does the vomitting centre lie?
In the medulla
Where does the vomitting centre receive inputs from?
the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)
What is the main receptor in the chemoreceptor trigger zone? (CTZ)
- D2 receptor
What is the D2 (dopamine) receptor responsible for? (3)
- sensing emetogenic substances in the blood e.g. drugs
dopamine in the gut:
- promotes relaxation of the stomach and lower oesophageal sphincter
- inhibits gastroduodenal coordination
Indications
- nausea and vomiting
Contra-indications (3)
- children and young adults –> extrapyramidal side effects
- GI obstruction –> due to pro kinetic effects
- GI perforation –> prokinetic effects
What is extrapyramidal?
motor nerve descending from the cortex to the spine which are not associated with the pyramidal route.
What does pro kinetic mean and how does it carry this out?
- enhancing GI motility
- by increasing frequency of contractions in the small intestine
- or by making the contractions stronger
- whilst maintaining rhythm
Side effects (3)
- diarrhoea
- extrapyramidal syndromes
- acute dystonic reaction –> oculogyric crisis
What is an extrapyramidal syndrome?
movement abnormalities
When does an acute dystonic reaction occur? (short or long term treatment?)
short term treatment for nausea and vomitting
What is an oculogyric crisis?
prolonged involuntary upward deviation of the eyes
