CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D

Question 1

Drug class

Answer 1

calcium and vitamin D

Question 2

Examples of calcium drugs (2)

Answer 2

1. calcium carbonate

2. calcium gluconate

Question 3

Examples of vit D drugs (2)

Answer 3

1. colecalciferol

2. alfacalcidol

Question 4

How is calcium homeostasis controlled? (2)

Answer 4

1. controlled by the parathyroid hormone and vitamin D

2. they increase the serum calcium levels and bone mineralisation

Question 5

Why is there hypocalcaemia in CKD?

Answer 5

1. due to impaired phosphate excretion

2. and reduced activity of vitamin D

Question 6

Indications (3)

Answer 6

1. bone

• osteoporosis
• rickets
• osteomalacia

2. kidney
   - CKD
3. ions
   - hyperkaelemia
   - hypocalcaemia

Question 7

Contra-indications

Answer 7

1. hypercalcaemia

Question 8

Side effects (4)

Answer 8

usually fine

1. dyspepsia
2. constipation
3. cardiovascular collapse
   - IV admin
4. local tissue damage
   - IV admin

Question 9

Interactions of oral calcium (4)

Answer 9

reduces absorption of:

1. tetracyclines
2. iron
3. bisphosphonates
4. levothyroxine

Question 10

Interactions of IV calcium (1)

Answer 10

1. sodium bicarbonate

- due to precipitation

Question 11

Elimination of calcium

Answer 11

urine